Risk, promotive, and protective factors in youth offending: Results from the Cambridge study in delinquent development

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The main aim of this research is to investigate risk, promotive, risk-based protective, and interactive protective factors for delinquency.

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Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE): Cumulative Resiliency in the Face of Adverse Childhood Experiences (2020, methodology): “This would be similar to approaches to risk, promotive, and protective factors examined by others (e.g., Farrington et al., 2016; Loeber et al., 2008).”
A little early risk goes a long bad way: Adverse childhood experiences and life-course offending in the Cambridge study (2017, background): “…several factors such as low hyperactivity, being shy/withdrawn, low extraversion, high nonverbal IQ, high verbal IQ, and low neuroticism have been identified as protective against offending among at-risk juveniles (Farrington et al., 2016; Farrington, Gallagher, Morley, St Ledger, &West, 1988).”