Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood

By John H. Gilmore, Rebecca Knickmeyer Santelli, Wei Gao. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2018

862 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In humans, the period from term birth to ∼2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays an important role in cognitive development and risk of disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Recent imaging studies have begun to delineate the growth trajectories of brain structure and function in the first years after birth and their relationship to cognition and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. This Review discusses the development of grey and white matter and structural and functional networks, as well as genetic and environmental influences on early-childhood brain development. We also discuss initial evidence regarding the usefulness of early imaging biomarkers for predicting cognitive outcomes and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6e717ebb66b798e0412e68caf2fa9504239ca4c6

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In Cognitive Neuroscience

In Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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Citations in the corpus

Brain charts for the human lifespan (2021, background): “log( ) = + (sex) + (age) + (age) + = , (3) μ μ μ μ μ”
Neurodevelopment of the association cortices: Patterns, mechanisms, and implications for psychopathology (2021, neutral): “By 2 years of age, the macroscale layout of the brain, patterns of cortical gyrification, major white matter connections, and identifiable functional networks have been established, forming the brain’s basic structural and functional blueprint (Gilmore et al., 2018).”
Distinct developmental changes in linear and nonlinear neural interactions across infancy and adulthood (2025, unknown): “This developmental state can limit the complexity and e ffi ciency of long-range communication, resulting in functional connectivity patterns that are predominantly simpler and more linear in nature (Gilmore et al., 2018; Menon, 2013; Oldham and Fornito, 2019; Oldham et al., 2022).”
Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023, unknown): “6 The human brain undergoes considerable changes during the first years of life (Gilmore et al., 2018; Hadders-Algra, 2018), and normal brain development requires expected inputs to guide neural pruning and cortical specialization (Black et al.”
Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal (2022, background): “Great changes in the structure and functional brain activity take place in the first years of life, which has been related to the emergence and development of diverse cognitive processes (Gabard-Durnam & McLaughlin, 2020; Gilmore et al., 2018).”