The Herschel* PEP/HerMES luminosity function - I. Probing the evolution of PACS selected Galaxies to z ≃ 4

By C. Gruppioni, Francesca Pozzi, G. Rodighiero, I. Delvecchio, S. Berta, L. Pozzetti, G. Zamorani, P. Andreani, A. Cimatti, O. Ilbert and 93 more. 2013

329 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We exploit the deep and extended far-IR data sets (at 70, 100 and 160 mu m) of the Herschel Guaranteed Time Observation (GTO) PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) Survey, in combination with the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey data at 250, 350 and 500 mu m, to derive the evolution of the rest-frame 35-, 60-, 90-and total infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) up to z similar to 4. We detect very strong luminosity evolution for the total IR LF (L-IR alpha (1 + z)(3.55 +/- 0.10) up to z similar to 2, and. (1 + z) 1.62 similar to 0.51 at 2 \textless z less than or similar to 4) combined with a density evolution ( (1 + z)-0.57 +/- 0.22 up to z similar to 1 and. (1 + z)-3.92 +/- 0.34 at 1 \textless z less than or similar to 4). In agreement with previous findings, the IR luminosity density (.IR) increases steeply to z similar to 1, then flattens between z similar to 1 and z similar to 3 to decrease at z similar to 3. Galaxies with different spectral energy distributions, masses and specific star formation rates (SFRs) evolve in very different ways and this large and deep statistical sample is the first one allowing us to separately study the different evolutionary behaviours of the individual IR populations contributing to.IR. Galaxies occupying the well-established SFR-stellar mass main sequence (MS) are found to dominate both the total IR LF and.IR at all redshifts, with the contribution from off-MS sources (= 0.6 dex above MS) being nearly constant (similar to 20 per cent of the total IR) and showing no significant signs of increase with increasing z over the whole 0.8 \textless z \textless 2.2 range. Sources with mass in the range 10 = log(M/M-circle dot) = 11 are found to dominate the total IR LF, with more massive galaxies prevailing at the bright end of the high-z (greater than or similar to 2) LF. A two-fold evolutionary scheme for IR galaxies is envisaged: on the one hand, a starburst-dominated phase in which the Super Massive Black Holes (SMBH) grows and is obscured by dust (possibly triggered by a major merging event), is followed by an AGN-dominated phase, then evolving towards a local elliptical. On the other hand, moderately star-forming galaxies containing a low-luminosity AGN have various properties suggesting they are good candidates for systems in a transition phase preceding the formation of steady spiral galaxies.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6d10d3b38b3338f0d2048220409408733e934379

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. D. M. Alexander
2. P. Hopkins
3. L. Hernquist
4. D. Narayanan
5. C. Casey
6. E. Daddi
7. R. Somerville
8. R. Dav'e

In Instrumentation

1. D. M. Alexander
2. P. Capak
3. P. Hopkins
4. C. Conroy
5. P. V. van Dokkum
6. L. Hernquist
7. D. Narayanan
8. E. Daddi

Citations in the corpus

• Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies (2019, methodology): “For starburst galaxies, we used the infrared luminosity density derived in Gruppioni et al. (2013).”
• Characterization of Scuba-2 450 μm and 850 μm selected galaxies in the COSMOS field (2013, methodology): “We then assume an underlying distribution or density of galaxies in z–LIR–λpeak space, as given by integratedinfrared luminosity functions (Le Floc’h et al. 2005; Caputi et al. 2007; Magnelli et al. 2011; Casey et al. 2012a; Gruppioni et al. 2013).”
• The faint radio sky: radio astronomy becomes mainstream (2016, background): “5.5 Evolution AGN and SFGs evolve strongly (e.g., Merloni & Heinz, 2013; Gruppioni et al., 2013, respectively), i.e., their LF changes with redshift, with their powers and/or they numbers being different from what they are atz ∼ 0.”
• Herschel PEP/HerMES: the redshift evolution (0 ≤ z ≤ 4) of dust attenuation and of the total (UV+IR) star formation rate density (2013, methodology): “Observed uncertainties from Cucciati et al.(2012) and from Gruppioni et al.(2013) are used whenever available.”
• An ALMA survey of sub-millimetre Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: the far-infrared properties of SMGs (2013, methodology): “…luminosity function in these three redshift bins and compare the data to a low-redshift 24- µm selected (z < 0.3) sample from Rodighiero et al. (2010), and the z ∼ 1.5, 2.2 and 3.7 infrared luminosity functions of 100 and 160-µm selected galaxies from the PEP survey (Gruppioni et al. 2013).”
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field: physical properties of 707 sub-millimetre galaxies (2019, methodology): “(a) We compare the AS2UDS far-infrared luminosity function to the PEP survey 100- and 160−μm selected samples from Gruppioni et al. ( 2013).”
• Star-forming galaxies as the origin of diffuse high-energy backgrounds: gamma-ray and neutrino connections, and implications for starburst history (2014, methodology): “Herschel is the first telescope that allows to detect the far-IR population to high redshifts (z < 4–5) and to derive its rate of evolution [27].”
• Tracing the cosmic growth of supermassive black holes to z ∼ 3 with Herschel (2014, background): “…seems to be mirrored in the evolution of the cosmic star formation density (SFD, Lilly et al. 1996; Madau et al. 1996; Cowie et al. 1996, 1997; Bell et al. 2005; Juneau et al. 2005; Bundy et al. 2006; Wall et al. 2008; Gruppioni et al. 2013), hinting at a deep interplay among the AGN and its host.”
• REGULARITY UNDERLYING COMPLEXITY: A REDSHIFT-INDEPENDENT DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTINUOUS VARIATION OF GALAXY-SCALE MOLECULAR GAS PROPERTIES IN THE MASS-STAR FORMATION RATE PLANE (2013, unknown): “It can be both predictive (see, e.g., the indirect measurement of the evolution of molecular gas mass functions in Paper II) or help to (re)interpret existing measurements (e.g., IR luminosity functions or source counts; see S12, Béthermin et al. 2012, Gruppioni et al. 2013).”
• BLACK HOLE VARIABILITY AND THE STAR FORMATION–ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS CONNECTION: DO ALL STAR-FORMING GALAXIES HOST AN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS? (2013, methodology): “In our model, we produce a predicted AGN LF by scaling the observed IR LF from Gruppioni et al. (2013) to the expected AGN luminosities assuming no variability, applying the appropriate factors to convert from LIR to SFR and then to LAGN, via 〈LAGN〉 = ( LIR CIR )( 1 3000 ) c2, (3) where CIR is the…”
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation (2014, background): “This trend can be understood considering the rise of the clustering of the galaxy responsible for the cosmic infrared background (Planck Collaboration XXX 2014) and a rather stable number density of emitters especially below z = 1 (Béthermin et al. 2011; Magnelli et al. 2013; Gruppioni et al. 2013).”
• COSMOS2020: A Panchromatic View of the Universe to z ∼ 10 from Two Complementary Catalogs (2021, background): “…estimates of the galaxy stellar mass function (e.g., Ilbert et al. 2013; Muzzin et al. 2013; Davidzon et al. 2017), star formation rate density (e.g., Gruppioni et al. 2013; Novak et al. 2017), mass and star formation rate relation (Karim et al. 2011; Rodighiero et al. 2011; Ilbert et al. 2015;…”
• Dusty Star Forming Galaxies at High Redshift (2014, methodology): “…probes the peak of infrared emission directly rather than indirectly; work from Magnelli et al. (2009), Casey et al. (2012a,b), Magnelli et al. (2013), and Gruppioni et al. (2013) have all published integrated luminosity functions all the way out to z ∼ 3.6 using SED fits to PACS and SPIRE data.”
• Conditions for Reionizing the Universe with a Low Galaxy Ionizing Photon Escape Fraction (2019, background): “…epoch of hydrogen reionization, and at lower redshifts, dusty star-forming galaxies (some of which could be absent from our UV luminosity functions) may contribute to the ionizing photon budget (e.g., Gruppioni et al. 2013; Cowie et al. 2017; Koprowski et al. 2017; though see Casey et al. 2018).”
• Planck 2013 results. XXX. Cosmic infrared background measurements and implications for star formation (2013, background): “At higher redshift, our determination is marginally compatible (2σ) with Gruppioni et al. (2013), but in very good agreement with the recent work of Burgarella et al. (2013) at z = 3.”