English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation

By Beth Levin. 1993

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Citations in the corpus

Neural Network Acceptability Judgments (2018, background): “Used intransitively (6-b), it is the subject (the bubble) that undergoes a change of state and the cause need not be specified (Levin, 1993).”
Modeling Biological Processes for Reading Comprehension (2014, methodology): “…tag of the word and adjacent words, dependency path to the root, POS tag of children and parent in the dependency tree, and clustering features from WordNet (Fellbaum, 1998), Nomlex (Macleod et al., 1998), Levin verb classes (Levin, 1993), and a list of biological processes compiled from Wikipedia.”
Encoding Sentences with Graph Convolutional Networks for Semantic Role Labeling (2017, background): “The semantic representations are closely re-lated to syntactic ones, even though the syntax-semantics interface is far from trivial (Levin, 1993).”
Linguistically-Informed Self-Attention for Semantic Role Labeling (2018, background): “Though syntax was long considered an obvious prerequisite for SRL systems (Levin, 1993; Punyakanok et al., 2008), recently deep neural network architectures have surpassed syntacticallyinformed models (Zhou and Xu, 2015; Marcheggiani et al.”
Distributional Memory: A General Framework for Corpus-Based Semantics (2010, positive): “It consists of 232 causative/inchoative verbs and 170 non-alternating transitive verbs from Levin (1993).”
The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles (2005, neutral): “Alternation in the syntactic realization of semantic arguments is widespread, affecting most English verbs in some way, and the patterns exhibited by specific verbs vary widely (Levin 1993).”
Learning Extraction Patterns for Subjective Expressions (2003, background): “Many of the subjective clues are from manually developed resources, including entries from (Levin, 1993; Ballmer and Brennenstuhl, 1981), Framenet lemmas with frame element experiencer (Baker et al., 1998), adjectives manually annotated for polarity (Hatzivassiloglou and McKeown, 1997), and…”
Sparse Overcomplete Word Vector Representations (2015, background): “Yet word vectors do not look anything like the representations described in most lexical semantic theories, which focus on identifying classes of words (Levin, 1993; Baker et al., 1998; Schuler, 2005) and relationships among word meanings (Miller, 1995).”
Using Semantic Roles to Improve Question Answering (2007, background): “This is motivated by much research in lexical semantics (e.g., Levin (1993)) hypothesizing that the behavior of words, particularly with respect to the expression and interpretation of their arguments, is to a large extent determined by their meaning.”
Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles (2000, result): “…results for unseen predicates within the same frame are encouraging, indicating that the predicates are semantically similar in ways that result in similar argument structure, as the semantically based theories of linking advocated by Levin (1993) and Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1996) would predict.”
Extending collostructional analysis: A corpus-based perspective on `alternations' (2004, background): “…conditions determine whether a given word can undergo the change in argument structure that is necessary for it to occur in the ‘non-basic’ member (such changes are sometimes described in terms of ‘lexical rules’) (cf. e.g. Pinker (1989), Levin (1993), see also Fisher, Gleitman & Gleitman (1991)).”
Avoiding dative overgeneralisation errors: semantics, statistics or both? (2014, background): “The study included all 301 verbs listed as dative by either Pinker (1989) or Levin (1993), subsequently referred to as the extended set.”
Using Predicate-Argument Structures for Information Extraction (2003, background): “The set of syntactic frames are determined by diathesis alternations, as defined in (Levin, 1993).”