TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA RATE MEASUREMENTS TO REDSHIFT 2.5 FROM CANDELS: SEARCHING FOR PROMPT EXPLOSIONS IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE

By S. Rodney, A. Riess, L. Strolger, T. Dahlén, O. Graur, S. Casertano, Mark Dickinson, H. Ferguson, P. Garnavich, B. Hayden and 28 more. 2014

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The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) was a multi-cycle treasury program on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that surveyed a total area of ∼0.25 deg2 with ∼900 HST orbits spread across five fields over three years. Within these survey images we discovered 65 supernovae (SNe) of all types, out to z ∼ 2.5. We classify ∼24 of these as Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia) based on host galaxy redshifts and SN photometry (supplemented by grism spectroscopy of six SNe). Here we present a measurement of the volumetric SN Ia rate as a function of redshift, reaching for the first time beyond z = 2 and putting new constraints on SN Ia progenitor models. Our highest redshift bin includes detections of SNe that exploded when the universe was only ∼3 Gyr old and near the peak of the cosmic star formation history. This gives the CANDELS high redshift sample unique leverage for evaluating the fraction of SNe Ia that explode promptly after formation (<500 Myr). Combining the CANDELS rates with all available SN Ia rate measurements in the literature we find that this prompt SN Ia fraction is , consistent with a delay time distribution that follows a simple t−1 power law for all times t > 40 Myr. However, mild tension is apparent between ground-based low-z surveys and space-based high-z surveys. In both CANDELS and the sister HST program CLASH (Cluster Lensing And Supernova Survey with Hubble), we find a low rate of SNe Ia at z > 1. This could be a hint that prompt progenitors are in fact relatively rare, accounting for only 20% of all SN Ia explosions—though further analysis and larger samples will be needed to examine that suggestion.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b92e08d65abd51dff2aa1dc8b88c2653373ca0c

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Citations in the corpus

Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological implications from two decades of spectroscopic surveys at the Apache Point Observatory (2020, background): “…SNe Ia observed at low redshift (Riess et al. 1999; Jha et al. 2006; Hicken et al. 2009; Contreras et al. 2010; Folatelli et al. 2010; Stritzinger et al. 2011), the SDSS and SNLS samples, and with HST (Suzuki et al. 2012; Riess et al. 2007; Rodney et al. 2014; Graur et al. 2014; Riess et al. 2018).”
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The Complete Light-curve Sample of Spectroscopically Confirmed SNe Ia from Pan-STARRS1 and Cosmological Constraints from the Combined Pantheon Sample (2017, methodology): “…et al. 2011), SNLS (Conley et al. 2011; Sullivan et al. 2011), SDSS (Frieman et al. 2008; Kessler et al. 2009a), and high-z data (z>1.0) from the SCP survey (Suzuki et al. 2012), GOODS (Riess et al. 2007), and CANDELS/ CLASH survey (Graur et al. 2014; Rodney et al. 2014; Riess et al. 2018).”