Involvement of gut microbiota in the development of low-grade inflammation and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity

By Patrice D Cani, M. Osto, L. Geurts, A. Everard. Gut microbes, 2012

799 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Obesity is associated with metabolic alterations related to glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular risk factors. These metabolic alterations are associated with low-grade inflammation that contributes to the onset of these diseases. We and others have provided evidence that gut microbiota participates in whole-body metabolism by affecting energy balance, glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recently, we defined gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (and metabolic endotoxemia) as a factor involved in the onset and progression of inflammation and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms involved in the development of metabolic endotoxemia such as the gut permeability. We also discuss our latest discoveries demonstrating a link between the gut microbiota, endocannabinoid system tone, leptin resistance, gut peptides (glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2), and metabolic features. Finally, we will introduce the role of the gut microbiota in specific dietary treatments (prebiotics and probiotics) and surgical interventions (gastric bypass).

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6b67e6df130426fe11ce487c388dbb3dfe5e7cbe

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Citations in the corpus

Dietary Polyphenols Promote Growth of the Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Attenuate High-Fat Diet–Induced Metabolic Syndrome (2015, background): “Numerous epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies indicate that dietary polyphenols can protect against MetS (14,15).”
Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (2020, background): “Adipose tissue is a notable target of these microbial metabolites (679).”
Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease (2016, background): “Cani and colleagues [68] showed that ob/ob mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet supplemented with oligofructose have increased intestinal representation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, improved connections between tight junctions, lower gut permeability, lower systemic endotoxemia, and lower system”
Impact of antibiotics on the human microbiome and consequences for host health (2022, background): “Furthermore, obesity is associated with metabolic alterations related to glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance and linked to the de- velopment of diabetes (Cani et al., 2012).”
The Impact of Diet and Lifestyle on Gut Microbiota and Human Health (2014, background): “An impaired gut barrier may also contribute to symptoms or complications of autism, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and liver diseases [45,100,145–149].”