A scientific note on Varroa destructor resistance to coumaphos in the United States.

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Acute toxicity of essential oils and other natural compounds to the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, and to larval and adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) (2009, background): “Resistance to coumaphos has also been reported (Spreafico et al., 2001; Elzen and Westervelt, 2002; Pettis, 2004).”
A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. (2010, background): “The situation is further exacerbated by the fact that mites have increasingly developed resistance against various treatments in different parts of the world (Milani, 1999; Pettis, 2004; Lodesani and Costa, 2005).”
Colony Collapse Disorder: A Descriptive Study (2009, background): “[81], this explanation seems unlikely unless coumaphosresistant mites are less fit than non-resistant mites.”