A Framework for Understanding State Balanced Budget Requirement Systems: Reexamining Distinctive Features and an Operational Definition

By Yilin Hou, Daniel L. Smith. 2006

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The costs and benefits of balanced budget rules: Lessons from a political economy model of fiscal policy (2016, background): “…their BBRs as part of their founding constitutions.3 Researchers have studied how this stringency impacts fiscal policy (see, for example, Alt and Lowry (1994), Bayoumi and Eichengreen (1995), Bohn and Inman (1996), Hou and Smith (2006, 2010), Poterba (1994), Rose (2006) and von Hagen (1991)).”
Disentangling Accountability and Competence in Elections: Evidence from U.S. Term Limits (2011, background): “…require the legislature to pass or the governor to propose or sign a balanced budget, but place no limits on deﬁcits that emerge thereafter (see, for example, Hou and Smith 2006 and Poterba 1995). state’s ﬁnancial condition, as measured by relative yield spreads on 20-year general obligation debt.”
Fiscal Policy Multipliers on Subnational Government Spending (2012, background): “An alternative classification scheme, based on direct readings of statutes and constitutions across states, has also been recently produced by Hou and Smith (2006).”