Half a World: Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations
By Branko Milanovic. 2005
139 citations recorded by the source corpus.
ABSTRACT The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States of America, Indonesia and Brazil in the period 1980–2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean incomes (GDPs per capita) of states/provinces, and Concept 2 inequality, which is inequality between population-weighted regional mean incomes. The first inequality speaks to the issue of regional convergence, the second, to the issue of overall inequality as perceived by citizens within a nation. All three Asian countries, show rising inequality in terms of both concepts in the decade of the 1990s. Divergence in income outcomes is particularly noticeable for the most populous states/provinces in India and China. The United States, where regional inequality is the least, shows further convergence. Brazil, with the highest level of regional inequality, displays no trend. A regression analysis fails to establish robust association between the usual macro variables and the two types of regional inequality.
Subfields: Economics and Econometrics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/693b39179607cb84311ad79923645066df9b37e8
How researchers see this paper
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In Economics and Econometrics
- M. Nissanke
- E. Thorbecke
- Raphael Kaplinsky
- Yu Xie
- Susan E. Cozzens
- Xiaoping Zhou
- Gary Gereffi
- David L. Levy
Citations in the corpus
- Channels and Policy Debate in the Globalization-Inequality-Poverty Nexus (2006, background): “8 The first three concepts listed here were defined by Milanovic (2004).”
- Income inequality in today’s China (2014, background): “From a comparative perspective, other large developing or middle-income countries, such as Brazil, India, and Indonesia, also exhibit similar patterns of large regional income disparities (30).”
- Innovation, Poverty and Inequality: Cause, Coincidence, or Co-evolution? (2009, background): “As Milanovic (2005a) reports, the same level of inequality can take different shapes in different countries.”