Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems

By D. Raghavan, T. Henry, B. Mason, J. Subasavage, W. Jao, T. Beaulieu, Nigel C. Hambly. 2006

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We present results of a reconnaissance for stellar companions to all 131 radial velocity-detected candidate extrasolar planetary systems known as of 2005 July 1. Common proper-motion companions were investigated using the multiepoch STScI Digitized Sky Surveys and confirmed by matching the trigonometric parallax distances of the primaries to companion distances estimated photometrically. We also attempt to confirm or refute companions listed in the Washington Double Star Catalog, in the Catalogs of Nearby Stars Series by Gliese and Jahreiß, in Hipparcos results, and in Duquennoy & Mayor's radial velocity survey. Our findings indicate that a lower limit of 30 (23%) of the 131 exoplanet systems have stellar companions. We report new stellar companions to HD 38529 and HD 188015 and a new candidate companion to HD 169830. We confirm many previously reported stellar companions, including six stars in five systems, that are recognized for the first time as companions to exoplanet hosts. We have found evidence that 20 entries in the Washington Double Star Catalog are not gravitationally bound companions. At least three (HD 178911, 16 Cyg B, and HD 219449), and possibly five (including HD 41004 and HD 38529), of the exoplanet systems reside in triple-star systems. Three exoplanet systems (GJ 86, HD 41004, and γ Cep) have potentially close-in stellar companions, with planets at roughly Mercury-Mars distances from the host star and stellar companions at projected separations of ~20 AU, similar to the Sun-Uranus distance. Finally, two of the exoplanet systems contain white dwarf companions. This comprehensive assessment of exoplanet systems indicates that solar systems are found in a variety of stellar multiplicity environments—singles, binaries, and triples—and that planets survive the post-main-sequence evolution of companion stars.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Education, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/66deadff734cc08832faeca6087ca867c651588a

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Citations in the corpus

ON THE FORMATION OF HOT JUPITERS IN STELLAR BINARIES (2012, background): “At least ∼ 20% of exoplanets are associated with one or more stellar companions (Raghavan et al. 2006; Desidera & Barbieri 2007; Eggenberger et al. 2007; Mugrauer & Neuhäuser 2009; Raghavan & Steprāns 2010).”
Hot Jupiters in Binary Star Systems (2007, background): “While radial velocity surveys select against close binaries, studies by Raghavan et al. (2006) show that at least 23% of radial velocity planet hosts have stellar companions.”
WIDE COMPANIONS TO HIPPARCOS STARS WITHIN 67 pc OF THE SUN (2012, methodology): “A recent study has repeated the visual search, by blinking the Digitized Sky Survey fields around exo-planet host stars (Raghavan et al. 2006) and stars within 25 pc (Raghavan et al. 2010).”
The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications (2016, background): “). Interestingly, no transiting planets have been found around more compact stellar binaries (< ˘7 days period), although these binaries are abundant in nature and in Kepler eclipsing binary data (Raghavan et al. 2006, 2010; Tokovinin 2014b). Two main questions about circumbinary planets were add”
Radial Velocity Search for Extrasolar Planets in Visual Binary Systems (2009, background): “About 40 planets have been discovered in multiple star systems (Eggenberger et al. 2004; Konacki 2005a; Raghavan et al. 2006).”
Five Planets Orbiting 55 Cancri (2007, background): “The occurrence, dynamics, and final properties of planetary systems may well be affected by such stellar companions, as indicated in observational studies by Eggenberger, Udry, & Mayor (2004) and Raghavan et al. (2006).”
TEN NEW AND UPDATED MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS AND A SURVEY OF EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS (2008, result): “Private communications from our group regarding the 38 d signal, which has been apparent, but not convincing, since 2005, has led to some confusion in the literature regarding the nomenclature of these planets (e.g. Raghavan et al. 2006).”
Properties of planets in binary systems - The role of binary separation (2006, methodology): “For the planet hosts not included in the latest study of multiplicity of planet hosts (Raghavan et al. 2006, hereafter R06), we performed a search in existing catalogs of binaries3.”