ON THE FORMATION OF HOT JUPITERS IN STELLAR BINARIES

By S. Naoz, W. Farr, F. Rasio. 2012

175 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We study the production of hot Jupiters (HJs) in stellar binaries. We show that the “eccentric Kozai–Lidov” (EKL) mechanism can play a key role in the dynamical evolution of a star–planet–star triple system. We run a large set of Monte Carlo simulations including the secular evolution of the orbits, general relativistic precession, and tides, and we determine the semimajor axis, eccentricity, inclination, and spin–orbit angle distributions of the HJs that are produced. We explore the effect of different tidal friction parameters on the results. We find that the efficiency of forming HJs when taking the EKL mechanism into account is higher then previously estimated. Accounting for the frequency of stellar binaries, we find that this production mechanism can account for about 30% of the observed HJ population. Current observations of spin–orbit angles are consistent with this mechanism producing ∼30% of all HJs, and up to 100% of the misaligned systems. Based on the properties of binaries without an HJ in our simulations, we predict the existence of many Jupiter-like planets with moderately eccentric and inclined orbits and semimajor axes of several AU.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c99d7ed406e7fbd916d5a2f619e2df49f3fee565

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. S. Naoz
2. Timothy Morton
3. B. Kocsis
4. Joseph M. Antognini
5. F. Antonini
6. A. Mann
7. J. Johnson
8. F. Rasio

Citations in the corpus

• GIANT PLANETS ORBITING METAL-RICH STARS SHOW SIGNATURES OF PLANET–PLANET INTERACTIONS (2013, background): “Another orbital feature — the bimodal distribution of spin-orbit alignments among hot Jupiters — is sometimes interpreted as evidence for two migration mechanisms (Fabrycky & Winn 2009; Morton & Johnson 2011; Naoz et al. 2012).”
• THE IMPACT OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON PLANETARY SYSTEMS. I. THE RUINOUS INFLUENCE OF CLOSE BINARY COMPANIONS (2016, background): “…2006; Kratter & Perets 2012; Kaib et al. 2013), though dynamical interactions also have been suggested as a channel for producing the many giant planets discovered well inside the snow line (Kozai 1962; Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Winn et al. 2010; Naoz et al. 2012; but also Ngo et al. 2015).”
• The evolution of hierarchical triple star-systems (2016, background): “As a result of the suppression of the cycles, the growth of the eccentricity is limited, and orbital flips are limited to smaller ranges of the mutual inclination (Liu et al., 2015a; Naoz et al., 2012; Petrovich, 2015).”
• Rapid Eccentricity Oscillations and the Mergers of Compact Objects in Hierarchical Triples (2013, background): “Tidal effects are very important for stellar and planetary systems and while a complete treatment is beyond the scope of this paper (though see Naoz et al. 2012, for a discussion of the effect of tides on Kozai-Lidov cycles), we nevertheless make some qualitative statements about the impact of…”
• Timescales of Kozai-Lidov oscillations at quadrupole and octupole order in the test particle limit (2015, background): “…contexts to explain a wide variety of phenomena such as the formation of hot Jupiters (Wu & Murray 2003; Wu et al. 2007; Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Naoz et al. 2011, 2012; Petrovich 2015), the formation of blue stragglers (Perets & Fabrycky 2009; Naoz & Fabrycky 2014), the merger of WD-WD…”
• FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. I. A RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCH FOR MASSIVE, LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS TO CLOSE-IN GAS GIANT PLANETS (2013, background): “…mechanisms involving multi-body interactions such as Kozai migration (e.g., Wu & Murray 2003; Malmberg et al. 2007; Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Naoz et al. 2012; Teyssandier et al. 2013b), which requires a distant stellar companion, planet-planet scattering (e.g., Chatterjee et al. 2008;…”
• Suppression of extreme orbital evolution in triple systems with short-range forces (2014, background): “…(e.g., Naoz et al. 2011, 2013b; Teyssandier et al. 2013) or semi-analytically (e.g., Katz, Dong, & Malhotra 2011; Lithwick & Naoz 2011), and explored their implications for the formation of hot Jupiters and the resulting spin-orbit misalignments (e.g., Naoz et al. 2011, 2012; Petrovich 2014).”
• Photoevaporation and high-eccentricity migration created the sub-Jovian desert (2018, background): “…companion, followed by tidal dissipation in the planet which circularizes the orbit (e.g. Wu & Murray 2003; Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Nagasawa, Ida & Bessho 2008; Wu & Lithwick 2011; Beauge & Nesvorny 2012; Naoz et al. 2012; Petrovich 2015; Anderson, Storch & Lai 2016; Munoz, Lai & Liu 2016).”
• Hierarchical analysis of gravitational-wave measurements of binary black hole spin–orbit misalignments (2017, background): “…in astrophysics include modelling a population of trans-Neptunian objects (Loredo 2004), measurements of spin–orbit misalignments in exoplanets (Naoz et al. 2012), measurements of the eccentricity distribution of exoplanets (Hogg et al. 2010) and the measurement of the mass distribution of…”
• ECCENTRICITY GROWTH AND ORBIT FLIP IN NEAR-COPLANAR HIERARCHICAL THREE-BODY SYSTEMS (2013, methodology): “Thus, the final maximum hot Jupiters obliquity reached in these experiments and others (e.g. Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Naoz et al. 2012) is ∼ 150◦.”
• RESONANT POST-NEWTONIAN ECCENTRICITY EXCITATION IN HIERARCHICAL THREE-BODY SYSTEMS (2012, background): “…2007; Perets & Fabrycky 2009; Thompson 2010; Naoz et al. 2013; Prodan & Murray 2012; Sharpee & Thompson 2012) and extrasolar planetary systems with an additional distant stellar companion (e.g., Holman et al. 1997; Fabrycky & Tremaine 2007; Wu et al. 2007; Takeda et al. 2008; Naoz et al. 2012).”
• Secular Dynamics in Hierarchical Three-Body Systems (2011, background): “In such systems, the outer star completely dominates the orbital angular momentum, and the problem reduces to test-particle evolution (see Lithwick and Naoz 2011; Katz et al. 2011; Naoz et al. 2012a).”
• SOAR TESS Survey. I. Sculpting of TESS Planetary Systems by Stellar Companions (2019, background): “…of circumstellar planetary systems: stirring planetesimals (Quintana et al. 2007), perturbing orbits resulting in high-eccentricity tidal migration (Naoz et al. 2012), truncating protoplanetary disks and shortening their lifetime (Jang-Condell et al. 2008; Kraus et al. 2012), and increasing…”
• The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications (2016, methodology): “Naoz et al. (2012) performed a bayesian analysis that treats the complete obliquity distribution as a sum of contributions from an aligned component, an EKL component, and planet–planet scattering component (adopting Nagasawa and Ida 2011).”