Resources, techniques, and strategies south of the Sahara: revising the factor endowments perspective on African economic development, 1500–2000

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The ‘reversal of fortune’ thesis and the compression of history: Perspectives from African and comparative economic history (2008, background): “…1994) have been countered by pessimists (Choate, 1984; Murton, 1999).6 But in the land-abundant settings characteristic of pre-colonial Africa (Austin, 2008), it is surely reasonable to regard relative population density as a proxy for greater prosperity (e.g. Mahadi and Inikori, 1987).”
Ecology, trade and states in pre-colonial Africa (2014, background): “First, the “land-abundance” view (Austin, 2008a; Herbst, 2000) of Africa argues that the relative absence of large states in pre-colonial Africa was the result of sparse population. Unable to tax land, which had little value, African states had to rely on trade taxes for revenue. This is to be under”
The Permanent Effects of Transportation Revolutions in Poor Countries: Evidence from Africa (2016, unknown): “C. Patterns of Economic Transformation in Ghana, 1901–2000 Cocoa has been the main engine of Ghana’s development (Hill 1963; Austin 2008).”
African Economic Development and Colonial Legacies (2010, background): “Hence the labour markets of pre-colonial Africa mainly took the form of slave trading (Austin 2005, chapters 6, 8; Austin 2008a).”