Gorillas in the closet? Public and private actors in the enforcement of transnational private regulation

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Biofuel sustainability and the formation of transnational hybrid governance (2015, methodology): “In other words, the WTO acted as an intergovernmental ‘gorilla in the closet’ (Verbruggen 2013) that influenced the shape of the EU RED.”
Outsourcing governance: states and the politics of a ‘global value chain world’ (2017, background): “…emerging regulatory institutions and mechanisms have taken (Bartley 2007), to how state regulatory capacity is critical to the enforcement of transnational private regulation (Verbruggen 2013), and the ‘governance triangle’ that sustains the contemporary regulatory space (Abbott and Snidal 2009).”
Governance gaps in eradicating forced labor: from global to domestic supply chains (2019, background): “2014) and on the limits of private governance (Verbruggen 2013; Fransen & Conzelmann 2015).”