Language as a Complex Adaptive System

By Luc Steels. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 2000

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The acquisition of tense-aspect: Converging evidence from corpora and telicity ratings (2009, background): “Investigation of the ways in which language usage and language cognition result in learnable language structures is a much larger enterprise, and it is only at the beginning (Christiansen & Chater, 2008; Ellis, 2008a; Ellis & Larsen-Freeman, 2006, 2009).”
A theoretical synopsis of Evolutionary Phonology (2006, background): “…1994; Cooper 1999; Haspelmath 1999; Kirby 1999; Croft 2000; and Bod et al. 2003), and by many whose primary focus is sound patterns (e.g. Lindblom et al. 1984; Lindblom 1992; Ohala 1989, 1993; Steels 1997, 2000; Blevins and Garrett 4 See Blevins (2004a: 47–52) for references and further discussion.”
Language Is a Complex Adaptive System: Position Paper (2009, background): “In other cases, a concrete mapping between objects (or concepts) and sounds is appropriate (Hurford, 1989; Nowak, Komaraova, & Niyogi, 2002; Steels, 2000).”