Microparticles in Hemostasis and Thrombosis

By Christian Weber, S. Mause, Guest Editors, A. P. Owens, Iii, N. Mackman. Circulation Research, 2011

839 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Blood contains microparticles (MPs) derived from a variety of cell types, including platelets, monocytes, and endothelial cells. In addition, tumors release MPs into the circulation. MPs are formed from membrane blebs that are released from the cell surface by proteolytic cleavage of the cytoskeleton. All MPs are procoagulant because they provide a membrane surface for the assembly of components of the coagulation protease cascade. Importantly, procoagulant activity is increased by the presence of anionic phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylserine (PS), and the procoagulant protein tissue factor (TF), which is the major cellular activator of the clotting cascade. High levels of platelet-derived PS+ MPs are present in healthy individuals, whereas the number of TF+, PS+ MPs is undetectable or very low. However, levels of PS+, TF+ MPs are readily detected in a variety of diseases, and monocytes appear to be the primary cellular source. In cancer, PS+, TF+ MPs are derived from tumors and may serve as a useful biomarker to identify patients at risk for venous thrombosis. This review will summarize our current knowledge of the role of procoagulant MPs in hemostasis and thrombosis.

Subfields: Hematology, Internal Medicine, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/62799ebad33b6e7979b8ba225425a374d9ca3377

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Citations in the corpus

Platelets release mitochondria serving as substrate for bactericidal group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 to promote inflammation. (2014, background): “Like MPs, mitochondria might serve to tissue factor deposition and to the initiation of the coagulation cascade, which is by itself a well-controlled inflammatory reaction.(61) Subsequent studies will undoubtedly uncover additional physiological role(s) played by extracellular mitochondria.”
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions (2015, background): “The presence or absence of TF in EVs can be regarded as the major determinant of the procoagulant potential of an EV-population (336).”
New fundamentals in hemostasis. (2013, background): “Cellular sources of coagulant active TF on microparticles include monocytes, platelets and endothelial cells (70, 185), but in vivo models predict that especially hematopoietic cells contribute to hemostatic TF-MP generation (224).”