Curvature-induced polarization in carbon nanoshells

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Flexoelectric Effect in Solids (2013, methodology): “First principles calculations of the purely electronic contribution to the total flexoelectric response (including possible surface conditioned contributions) were also performed by Dumitrica et al [43] and Kalinin and Meunier [5] for carbon systems.”
On the possibility of piezoelectric nanocomposites without using piezoelectric materials (2007, methodology): “Mindlin (1968) used the converse of the flexoelectric effect to explain the anomalous capacitance measurements of thin dielectric films while Yakobson and coworkers employed it to discuss the polarization in curved carbon shells (Dumitrica et al., 2002).”
Fundamentals of flexoelectricity in solids (2013, methodology): “The electronic contribution to flexoelectricity in carbon nanosystems was evaluated by Dumitrica et al [49] and Kalinin and Meunier [50] using ab initio calculations.”
Piezoelectric thin-film superlattices without using piezoelectric materials (2010, background): “If φ is the potential of the electric field E given by , , i i E φ = − (5) then the energy density of E must be added to Equation (4) yielding the total potential energy : W W =W L + 1 2 ε0φ ,iφ , j .”