Virus Entry by Endocytosis

By Anthony V. Nicola, Hector C. Aguilar, Jason Mercer, Brent J. Ryckman, C. Wiethoff. Advances in Virology, 2013

1,022 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Although viruses are simple in structure and composition, their interactions with host cells are complex. Merely to gain entry, animal viruses make use of a repertoire of cellular processes that involve hundreds of cellular proteins. Although some viruses have the capacity to penetrate into the cytosol directly through the plasma membrane, most depend on endocytic uptake, vesicular transport through the cytoplasm, and delivery to endosomes and other intracellular organelles. The internalization may involve clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), macropinocytosis, caveolar/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, or a variety of other still poorly characterized mechanisms. This review focuses on the cell biology of virus entry and the different strategies and endocytic mechanisms used by animal viruses.

Subfields: Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/60cd2c23346d6c09f202cb0fcc7062baf11cb2b3

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Citations in the corpus

• Getting Across the Cell Membrane: An Overview for Small Molecules, Peptides, and Proteins (2015, background): “3 Viruses—Some viruses enter the cell through the plasma membrane, but more commonly from endocytic compartments after binding to cellular receptors and triggering various endocytic pathways [92].”
• Endosome maturation (2011, background): “This is most clearly illustrated by viruses and bacterial toxins that have a relative sharp pH threshold adjusted so that they are specifically activated when they arrive in EEs, in LEs, or in lysosomes (Mercer et al, 2010).”
• Dynamin, a membrane remodelling GTPase (2012, background): “To support these various functions, multiple molecularly and morphologically distinct forms of endocytosis, both constitutive and regulated, operate in all cell”
• Physical Principles of Nanoparticle Cellular Endocytosis. (2015, background): “Clathrinmediated endocytosis is the most common endocytic pathway exploited by viruses.(24,25) Caveolin-dependent endocytosis (Figure 1c) involves the assembly of the hairpin-like caveolin coats on the cytosolic side of the plasmamembrane, forming a flask-shaped caveolae of ∼50 80 nm in diameter.”