The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development
By A. McMichael, P. Borrow, G. Tomaras, N. Goonetilleke, B. Haynes. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2009
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The early immune response to HIV-1 infection is likely to be an important factor in determining the clinical course of disease. Recent data indicate that the HIV-1 quasispecies that arise following a mucosal infection are usually derived from a single transmitted virus. Moreover, the finding that the first effective immune responses drive the selection of virus escape mutations provides insight into the earliest immune responses against the transmitted virus and their contributions to the control of acute viraemia. Strong innate and adaptive immune responses occur subsequently but they are too late to eliminate the infection. In this Review, we discuss recent studies on the kinetics and quality of early immune responses to HIV-1 and their implications for developing a successful preventive HIV-1 vaccine.
Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology, Virology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/607de9bb0f24306bed926ca6de4015d5753ea901
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Citations in the corpus
- A Reinforcement Learning Design for HIV Clinical Trials (2014, background): “The eclipse phase is a short period of time before viral RNA is detectable in the blood plasma (McMichael et al., 2010).”
- The Fitness Landscape of HIV-1 Gag: Advanced Modeling Approaches and Validation of Model Predictions by In Vitro Testing (2014, background): “CD8+ T cells are instrumental in reducing viral load in HIV-1 acute infection [5] and in maintaining the viral set point during chronic HIV/SIV infection [6,7].”
- Coordinate linkage of HIV evolution reveals regions of immunological vulnerability (2011, background): “Mounting the right responses early is important for HIV infections (2), because there is a short window of time before the immune system is compromised.”
- From Vaccines to Memory and Back (2010, neutral): “However, we lack effective vaccines against pathogens that are highly variable and/or cause persistent and latent infections such as HIV, HCV, and M. tuberculosis (Houghton and Abrignani, 2005; Johnston and Fauci, 2007; McMichael et al., 2010; Skeiky and Sadoff, 2006; Walker and Burton, 2008).”