Investing in the Peace: Economic Interdependence and International Conflict

By Erik Gartzke, Quan Li, Charles R. Boehmer. International Organization, 2001

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Dyadic military conflict, security alliances, and bilateral FDI flows (2010, background): “10For the effects of FDI on conflict, GDP per capita, BIT, and trade, see, for example, Li (2008), Gartzke, Li, and Boehmer (2001), Henisz (2008), Elkins et al. (2006), and Amiti and Wakelin (2003), respectively.”
War and the World Economy (2006, background): “The collective reaction of international traders is thus a useful signal to belligerents about what kind of out - come they expect from a diplomatic or armed contest ( Gartzke , Li , and Boehmer 2001 ; Gartzke and Li 2003 ; Li and Sacko 2002 ) .”
How the Wealth of Nations Conditions the Liberal Peace (2003, background): “, 2001), they have been superseded by more recent analyses that find clear support for the pacifying influences of both democracy and interdependence (Beck, 2003; Bennett and Stam, 2000a; Gartzke et al., 2001; Gleditsch, 2002; King and Zeng, 2001; Kinsella and Russett, 2002; Oneal and Russett, 1999a”