The versatility of graded acoustic measures in classification of predation threats by the tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor: exploring a mixed framework for threat communication

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Alarm calls of tufted titmice convey information about predator size and threat (2010, background): “However, based on the assumption that D-note production is a direct measure of perceived threat (Sieving et al. 2010), these authors also found that the captive titmice, in apparent contrast to our results, perceived the sharp-shinned hawk as greater threat than the screech-owl.”
On the Meaning of Alarm Calls: A Review of Functional Reference in Avian Alarm Calling (2013, background): “…Siberian jays provides the first evidence in birds for signalling extending beyond predator category to include the behaviour of predators (see also Slobodchikoff et al. 2009) and provides evidence that kin selection may drive patterns of alarm calling in family-living birds (Griesser & Ekman…”
Antipredator calls of tufted titmice and interspecific transfer of encoded threat information (2012, methodology): “Seet calls are frequently produced when a raptor flies close to parids, posing an immediate threat of aerial attack, whereas mobbing calls are typically given most vigorously to perched avian predators or snakes and mammals climbing or moving on the ground (Ficken 1989; Sieving et al. 2010).”
Referential mobbing calls elicit different predator-searching behaviours in Japanese great tits (2012, background): “In addition, graded alternation of call structures may be associated with threat level rather than risk type (Welbergen & Davies 2008; Sieving et al. 2010).”