Elevation of free fatty acids induces inflammation and impairs vascular reactivity in healthy subjects.

By D. Tripathy, P. Mohanty, S. Dhindsa, Tufail Syed, H. Ghanim, A. Aljada, P. Dandona. Diabetes, 2003

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Metabolic Syndrome: Updates on Pathophysiology and Management in 2021 (2022, background): “Another contribution of insulin resistance to MetS is the development of hypertension caused partly by loss of insulin’s vasodilatory effect and by FFA-induced vasoconstriction due to reactive oxygen species production and subsequent scavenging of nitric oxide [27].”
An opportunistic pathogen isolated from the gut of an obese human causes obesity in germfree mice (2012, background): “The HFDþLB germfree mice had moderately higher levels of serum serum amyloid A and liver tumor necrosis factoralpha expression than the NCD-fed groups, suggesting that the HFD induced some host inflammation (Tripathy et al., 2003), which is, however, much lower than that induced by B29.”
The Vascular Endothelium and Human Diseases (2013, background): “Mechanisms leading to endothelial damage in diabetes, independent of the damage due to other cardiovascular risk factors, include insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and low-grade systemic inflammation (81).”