Spontaneous atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion lattice in two dimensions

By S. Heinze, K. Bergmann, M. Menzel, Jens Brede, A. Kubetzka, Roland Wiesendanger, G. Bihlmayer, S. Blügel. 2011

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Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism (2016, positive): “, 2007] and skyrmions [Heinze et al., 2011] induced at surfaces were first observed by SP-STM in ultrathin epitaxial transition metal films; [von Bergmann et al.”
Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications (2019, methodology): “In 2011, Heinze et al experimentally revealed the 2D square skyrmion crystal in a hexagonal monolayer crystalline Fe film grown on the Ir surface using the spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy (SP-STM) at a low temper ature of 11 K [8].”
Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy (2016, background): “In such systems, the interfacial DzyaloshinskiiMoriya interaction (DMI)(1,2) favors a perpendicular alignment of adjacent spins and its interplay with the symmetric exchange interaction then leads to a helical spin structure with well-defined handedness.(3-9) One of the most interesting spin structu”