Drag and lift reduction of a 3D bluff body using flaps

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Experimental characterization of the unsteady natural wake of the full-scale square back Ahmed body: flow bi-stability and spectral analysis (2015, methodology): “Drag reductions were registered with passive geometry modifications (Thacker et al. 2012) or with devices such as splitter plates (Gilliéron and Kourta 2010), flaps (Beaudoin and Aider 2008) or deflectors (Fourrié et al. 2011).”
On the need for a nonlinear subscale turbulence term in POD models as exemplified for a high-Reynolds-number flow over an Ahmed body (2013, methodology): “We thank the Ambrosys Ltd. Society for Complex Systems Management, the Bernd Noack Cybernetics Foundation and OpenLab PPRIME/PSA for additional support.”
Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles (2014, background): “Beaudoin & Aider (2008) showed that flaps attached to the side edges of a slanted surface of a modified Ahmed model (α = 30◦) effectively interrupt the flow from reattaching to the slanted surface and induce it to fully separate, preventing the generation of longitudinal vortices.”
On the use of helium-filled soap bubbles for large-scale tomographic PIV in wind tunnel experiments (2015, methodology): “fields of view of typically 40 × 30 cm (Carmer et al. 2008; Lignarolo et al. 2014 among others). When moving to three-dimensional measurements in air flows, tomographic PIV has been applied in several wind tunnel experiments. A recent review (Scarano 2013) discusses the evolution of several paramete”