Increased Production of Immature Myeloid Cells in Cancer Patients: A Mechanism of Immunosuppression in Cancer1

By B. Almand, Joseph I. Clark, E. Nikitina, James van Beynen, N. English, S. Knight, D. Carbone, D. Gabrilovich. Journal of Immunology, 2001

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Arginase I–Producing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Are a Subpopulation of Activated Granulocytes (2009, unknown): “Previous results have suggested that high serum levels of VEGF increase the numbers of immature dendritic cells in patients with cancer (7, 8).”
The tumor microenvironment and its role in promoting tumor growth (2008, background): “The frequency of MSC with high levels of suppressive functions were found to be increased in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers (Almand et al., 2001).”
Inflammation and breast cancer. Balancing immune response: crosstalk between adaptive and innate immune cells during breast cancer progression (2007, background): “A subset of innate immune cells (for example, myeloid suppressor CD11b+Gr-1+ cells) accumulate in the peripheral blood of cancer patients [107,108], as well as in tumors and”
Abrogation of TGF beta signaling in mammary carcinomas recruits Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells that promote metastasis. (2008, background): “Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells have been demonstrated to be immune suppressive since the 1980s (Almand et al., 2001; Bronte et al., 2000; Gabrilovich et al., 1996; Serafini et al., 2004, 2006; Young and Lathers, 1999).”