Choosing initial values for the EM algorithm for finite mixtures

By Dimitris Karlis, Evdokia Xekalaki. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2003

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FlexMix Version 2: Finite Mixtures with Concomitant Variables and Varying and Constant Parameters (2008, methodology): “Diﬀerent initialization strategies for the EM algorithm have been proposed, as its convergence to the optimal solution depends on the initialization (Biernacki, Celeux, and Govaert 2003; Karlis and Xekalaki 2003).”
Editorial: recent developments in mixture models (2003, background): “See Karlis and Xekalaki, 2003(SI), Biernacki et al., 2003(SI), Seidel et al. (2000), or B ohning (2002).”
A simple nonparametric approach to estimating the distribution of random coefficients in structural models (2016, unknown): “Therefore by weak convergence, for any F1, F2 ∈ F such that dLP (F1, F2)→ 0, we also have |Q(F1)−Q(F2)| → 0 by (27) and (29).”