Influence of the Indian summer monsoon on ENSO

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Linear Prediction of Indian Monsoon Rainfall (2002, background): “Before doing this, it is worth noting that the prevailing view is based partly on the existence of a signiﬁcant, simultaneous correlation between monsoon rainfall and ENSO indices (Webster et al. 1998; Kirtman and Shukla 2000).”
Interactive coupled ensemble: A new coupling strategy for CGCMs (2002, background): “…here we have included a larger area (5 N–25 N and 60 E–100 E) that extends over the neighboring oceans. isolate the rainfall signal over the monsoon region, and (ii) the model must be coupled so that monsoon variability can affect ENSO variability [Chung and Nigam, 1999; Kirtman and Shukla, 2000].”
Mechanisms for ENSO Phase Change in a Coupled GCM (2003, background): “For instance, Torrence and Webster (1999) and Kirtman and Shukla (2000) noted a relation between the strong seasonal cycle in the tropical Pacific and both low ENSO variability and weak monsoon– ENSO relationships.”
Variability of the Indian Ocean: Relation to monsoon and ENSO (2003, background): “Observations indeed reveal the strongest negative correlation between the Indian monsoon rainfall and the eastern Paci c SST when the SST lags by about six months (e.g. Goswami et al. 1999; Kirtman and Shukla 2000).”