The feedback-related negativity reflects the binary evaluation of good versus bad outcomes.

By Greg Hajcak, Jason S. Moser, Clay B. Holroyd, Robert F. Simons. Biological Psychology, 2006

716 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/59d085bf97c2807962ab70b8a3d8ee5d75c646d4

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In Cognitive Neuroscience

Citations in the corpus

Using EEG to Predict Consumers’ Future Choices (2015, background): “For example, the FRN appears 200–300 ms after the display of unfavorable versus favorable outcomes and indexes how “good” or “bad” an outcome is within a given context (Goyer, Woldorff, and Huettel 2008; Hajcak et al. 2006; Kreussel et al. 2012; Masaki et al. 2006; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2004).”
Reward expectation modulates feedback-related negativity and EEG spectra (2007, background): “In the second study (Hajcak et al., 2006), in which they manipulated the size (rather than probability) of rewards and losses, differently sized losses (5 vs. 25 cents) yielded indistinguishable ERPs, but larger wins elicited larger ERPs than smaller wins.”
Frontal Theta Links Prediction Errors to Behavioral Adaptation in Reinforcement Learning (2009, neutral): “However, FRN amplitude is not sensitively modulated by the magnitude of negative outcome between conditions (Gehring and Willoughby, 2002; Hajcak et al., 2006; Holroyd et al., 2004; Marco-Pallares et al., 2008; Yeung and Sanfey, 2004).”
Ventral striatal and medial prefrontal BOLD activation is correlated with reward-related electrocortical activity: A combined ERP and fMRI study (2011, methodology): “Here we used a simple active (response-based) gambling task with unpredictable win and loss outcomes to elicit brain activations generally associated with reward processing (Foti and Hajcak, 2009; Hajcak et al., 2006).”
Event-related potential studies of outcome processing and feedback-guided learning (2012, background): “, defining the FRN as the difference between the most positive point and the most negative point in the 150–350ms time window post-onset of feedback) (Holroyd et al., 2004a; Yeung and Sanfey, 2004; Frank et al., 2005; Toyomaki and Murohashi, 2005; Hajcak et al., 2006; Oliveira et al., 2007; Bellebau”
Why do beliefs about intelligence influence learning success? A social cognitive neuroscience model. (2006, result): “Yet, across two separate experiments, Butterfield and Mangels (2003) found the FRN to be less sensitive to subjects’ beliefs than the P3. Rather, results from that study were more consistent with the view that the FRN indexes the initial detection of outcome valence in a binary fashion (good–bad; H”