An overview of Fog computing and its security issues

By Ivan Stojmenovic, Sheng Wen, Xinyi Huang, Hao Luan. Concurrency and Computation, 2016

397 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Fog computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network. Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage and application services to end users. In this article, we elaborate the motivation and advantages of Fog computing and analyse its applications in a series of real scenarios, such as Smart Grid, smart traffic lights in vehicular networks and software defined networks. We discuss the state of the art of Fog computing and similar work under the same umbrella. Distinguished from other reviewing work of Fog computing, this paper further discloses the security and privacy issues according to current Fog computing paradigm. As an example, we study a typical attack, man‐in‐the‐middle attack, for the discussion of system security in Fog computing. We investigate the stealthy features of this attack by examining its CPU and memory consumption on Fog device. In addition, we discuss the authentication and authorization techniques that can be used in Fog computing. An example of authentication techniques is introduced to address the security scenario where the connection between Fog and Cloud is fragile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/596bcab1b62bf26d5f172154302f28d705020a1d

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Citations in the corpus

Mobile Edge Computing, Fog et al.: A Survey and Analysis of Security Threats and Challenges (2016, background): “Also, as both fog computing and MEC aim to provide support for federated services and interactions with different providers (e.g. through a set of open APIs), it can be possible to create applications that make use of both edge paradigms, or even deploy middleware platforms that will connect various”
A Comprehensive Study of Security of Internet-of-Things (2017, background): “The few research efforts that address attacks on edge computing mainly focus on possible threats to sensor networks [73], [74].”
Federated Learning in Mobile Edge Networks: A Comprehensive Survey (2019, neutral): “In this section, we consider four applications of FL in edge computing: • Cyberattack Detection: The ubiquity of IoT devices and increasing sophistication of cyberattacks [170] imply that”
IoT security: Review, blockchain solutions, and open challenges (2017, methodology): “7 Authentication and secure communication Privacy violation 6LoWPAN adaptation layer, transport layer, network layer Intermediatelevel Compressed AH and ESP, Header compression and software based AES, TPM using RSA, SHA1/AES, hybrid authentication, authentication with fuzzy extractor, encryption of ”
Survey on Multi-Access Edge Computing for Internet of Things Realization (2018, background): “As claimed in [145] MitM attacks can be launched between 3G and WLAN networks.”
Next generation cloud computing: New trends and research directions (2017, background): “However, this becomes more complex, for example in the fog computing ecosystem, the above risks are of greater concern, since a wide range of nodes are accessible to users (for example, the security of traffic routed through nodes, such as routers [100,101]).”
Mobile Edge Computing (2021, background): “This opens up multiple fronts for malicious attacks, and a wide range of security measures are needed to thwart them [36][41].”
From Cloud to Fog Computing: A Review and a Conceptual Live VM Migration Framework (2017, background): “Authentication and authorization issues in the context of smart grid and machine-to-machine communication for fog computing were presented in [62].”
Fog Computing: Focusing on Mobile Users at the Edge (2015, background): “Some other use cases of Fog computing in IoT applications are described in [8], [1].”
Deep Learning: The Frontier for Distributed Attack Detection in Fog-to-Things Computing (2018, background): “The surge in the number and diversity of smart objects that are capable of sensing, processing, and communicating has currently raised numerous cybersecurity challenges such as the increase in the number and sophistication of attacks [5].”
Potentials, trends, and prospects in edge technologies: Fog, cloudlet, mobile edge, and micro data centers (2018, background): “[139] discussed the security and privacy ssues of fog computing.”
Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey (2018, background): “Stand-alone authentication is introduced for a scenario if there is temporary disconnection between MEC and the cloud server [89].”
Fog computing security: a review of current applications and security solutions (2017, background): “Authentication in Fog platform Insecure authentication protocols between Fog platforms and end-user devices have been identified as a main security concern of Fog computing by [19].”
iFogSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of resource management techniques in the Internet of Things, Edge and Fog computing environments (2016, background): “In IoT environments [8], in order to enable real-time decision making [9], distributed streamprocessing systems have to push query operators to nodes located closer to the source of data.”
A Survey on Federated Learning Systems: Vision, Hype and Reality for Data Privacy and Protection (2019, background): “For more details, readers can refer to some recent surveys [123], [160], [193].”
Survey on fog computing: architecture, key technologies, applications and open issues (2017, background): “• Man in the middle: The man-in-the-middle attack has a potential to become a typical attack in fog computing, as an intruder can sniff or interrupt the packets between fog devices, because these devices usually cannot implement secure communication protocols due to their lack of resources (Stojmeno”
A Comprehensive Survey on Fog Computing: State-of-the-Art and Research Challenges (2017, background): “Several surveys have also been published on fog computing at large [4], [19], [20] and also in the context of speciﬁc application domains, i.e., vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) [21], Radio Access Networks (RAN) [22], [23], and Internet of Things [24].”