Sodium transport in plant cells.

By E. Blumwald, G. S. Aharon, Maris P. Apse. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2000

989 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Salinity limits plant growth and impairs agricultural productivity. There is a wide spectrum of plant responses to salinity that are defined by a range of adaptations at the cellular and the whole-plant levels, however, the mechanisms of sodium transport appear to be fundamentally similar. At the cellular level, sodium ions gain entry via several plasma membrane channels. As cytoplasmic sodium is toxic above threshold levels, it is extruded by plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiports that are energized by the proton gradient generated by the plasma membrane ATPase. Cytoplasmic Na(+) may also be compartmentalized by vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiports. These transporters are energized by the proton gradient generated by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and H(+)-PPiase. Here, the mechanisms of sodium entry, extrusion, and compartmentation are reviewed, with a discussion of recent progress on the cloning and characterization, directly in planta and in yeast, of some of the proteins involved in sodium transport.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5869d47252cf63e32c2b4a8e7ed4e9355313460d

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In Plant Science

1. M. Ashraf
2. Jian‐Kang Zhu
3. T. Flowers
4. R. Munns
5. A. Arzani
6. Mark A. Tester
7. P. Hasegawa
8. M. Foolad

Citations in the corpus

• Mechanisms of sodium uptake by roots of higher plants (2009, background): “A low amount of Na+ is unlikely to be toxic in the cytoplasm, and even high amounts of Na+ are not toxic in the vacuole as described previously (Blumwald et al. 2000; Flowers and Lauchli 1983; Subbarao et al. 2003).”
• The Putative Plasma Membrane Na+/H+ Antiporter SOS1 Controls Long-Distance Na+ Transport in Plants Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010371. (2002, background): “Na /H antiporters on the plasma membrane are expected to fulfill this function (Blumwald et al., 2000).”
• Recent molecular advances to combat abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants (2011, methodology): “This antiporter is powered by the operation of H + -ATPase (Blumwald et al., 2000).”
• Roots of the Second Green Revolution (2007, background): “Manipulation of ion transporters may be especially useful for improving crop tolerance to salinity, by enhancing exclusion or compartmentalisation of toxic ions (Blumwald et al. 2000; Munns et al. 2002).”
• Salt-tolerant genes from halophytes are potential key players of salt tolerance in glycophytes (2016, background): “In high-salt environments, plants initially suffer from osmotic stress, reflecting water deficit, and subsequently experience ion-specific stress resulting from altered ion concentrations both in halophytes and glycophytes (Blumwald et al., 2000; Shabala and Mackay, 2011).”
• Abiotic stress tolerance in rice for Asia: progress and the future (2004, background): “This is achieved through active processes involving a gene family of Na/H antiporters that transport sodium out of the cell or sequester it in vacuoles (Blumwald et al. 2000).”
• Osmoregulation in Plants: Implications for Agriculture1 (2001, background): “Sequestration of NaCl into the vacuole also provides a metabolically inexpensive and abundant osmoticum by which plants maintain an osmotic potential to drive water uptake into cells (Blumwald et al., 2000).”
• Characterization of a family of vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters in Arabidopsis thaliana (2003, background): “Sodium entry is due to the similarity between the hydrated ionic radii of sodium and potassium, which makes difficult the discrimination between the two ions by transport proteins (Blumwald et al., 2000).”
• THE ROLE OF CALCIUM IN PLANTS' SALT TOLERANCE (2012, background): “In general, Na+ uptake and concentrations increase (Blumwald et al., 2000; Hadi et al., 2007a) and Ca2+ uptake and concentrations decrease in plant cells and tissues as the external Na+ concentration increases (Hadi et al.”
• Role of sugars, amino acids and organic acids in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance (2020, background): “Soluble sugars have different actions, which depend on plant species and intensity of stress (Blumwald et al., 2000).”
• Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. (2005, background): “Ions Sodium, chloride Osmotic adjustment Blumwald et al. (2000); Hasegawa et al.”
• Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. (2003, background): “Ef¯ux is a process that is probably catalysed by an Na+/H+ antiporter (Blumwald et al., 2000), although evidence for the existence of such activity has not always been found (Mennen et al., 1990).”
• Physiology and molecular biology of stress tolerance in plants (2006, background): “Low affinity K+ carriers, such as AKT1 are inward rectifying channels that activate K+ influx and display a high K+/Na+ selectivity ratio, but also can mediate a significant uptake of sodium ions under high salinity (Blumwald et al., 2000).”