China's human capital investment

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Educational Inequality under China's Rural–Urban Divide: The Hukou System and Return to Education (2010, background): “…status on labor-market return is substantial, and workers with agricultural hukou status suffer from profound and lasting disadvantages including fewer years of school, inferior quality of education, and lack of career opportunities (Fan, 2001; Guo and Iredale, 2004; Heckman, 2005; Liu, 2005).”
Reconciling the Returns to Education in Off-Farm Wage Employment in Rural China (2007, unknown): “For example, Heckman (2005) reports that China as a whole spent 2.5% of GDP on education, while the world average is 5.2%.”
Investigating the Relationship between Health and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Panel of 5 Asian Countries (2010, background): “Second, human capital improves adaptability and allocative efficiency, in that skilled workers allocate resources more efficiently across tasks and are more able to respond to new opportunities (Heckman, 2005; Nelson and Phelps, 1966; Schultz, 1975).”