Penetration enhancers.

By Adrian C Williams, B. W. Barry. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2004

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Microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. (2004, background): “To increase skin permeability, a number of different approaches has been studied, ranging from chemical/lipid enhancers [3,4] to electric fields employing iontophoresis and electroporation [5,6] to pressure waves generated by ultrasound or photoacoustic effects [7,8].”
Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review (2007, background): “Detailed reviews describing synthetic enhancers are available (Williams and Barry, 2004; Ghafourian et al., 2004).”
Organogels and their use in drug delivery--a review. (2008, background): “An important class of permeation enhancers with wide use as organogel components are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids [71], the most common of which is oleic acid.”
Osteoarthritis (2006, background): “As a result, it facilitates drug extraction compound into the skin tissue [61].”
Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: Current and Future Prospects (2006, methodology): “Such approaches include the use of penetration enhancers (Williams and Barry 2004), supersaturated systems (Pellet et al.”