Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets

By W. Rice, Philip Armitage, K. Wood, G. Lodato. 2006

241 citations recorded by the source corpus.

ABSTRACT The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of some T Tauri stars display a deﬁcit ofnear-IR ﬂux that could be a consequence of an embedded Jupiter-mass planet partiallyclearingan inner hole in the circumstellardisc. Here, weuse two-dimensionalnumericalsimulations of the planet-disc interaction, in concert with simple models for the dustdynamics, to quantify how a planet inﬂuences the dust at diﬀerent radii within thedisc. We show that pressure gradientsat the outer edge of the gap cleared by the planetact as a ﬁlter - letting particles smaller than a critical size through to the inner discwhile holding back larger particles in the outer disc. The critical particle size dependsupon the disc properties, but is typically of the order of 10 microns. This ﬁltrationprocess will lead to discontinuous grain populations across the planet’s orbital radius,with small grains in the inner disc and an outer population of larger grains. We showthat this type of dust population is qualitatively consistent with SED modelling ofsystems that have optically thin inner holes in their circumstellar discs. This processcan also produce a very large gas-to-dust ratio in the inner disc, potentially explainingthose systems with optically thin inner cavities that still have relatively high accretionrates.Keywords: solar system: formation — planets and satellites: formation — planetarysystems: formation

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/54901fa939b7045ef4cffef8c7b5be7f103ac9f2

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Citations in the corpus

RESOLVED IMAGES OF LARGE CAVITIES IN PROTOPLANETARY TRANSITION DISKS (2011, background): “Any companion that can open a gap will generate wakes just outside its orbit, creating a pressure bump that may act like a dust filter on the flow across the gap (Rice et al. 2006; Paardekooper & Mellema 2006).”
Pebble-isolation mass: Scaling law and implications for the formation of super-Earths and gas giants (2018, background): “A growing planet opens a partial gap in the protoplanetary gas disc, which influences the motion of solids in the disc (Paardekooper & Mellema 2006; Rice et al. 2006).”
TRANSITIONAL AND PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS: GAP OPENING BY MULTIPLE PLANETS? (2010, background): “This gas may be substantially depleted of small dust because of significant grain growth at large radii, combined with filtration of dust at the outer edge of the gap (Paardekooper & Mellema 2006; Rice et al. 2006).”
Dust dynamics during protoplanetary disc clearing (2007, methodology): “Several studies have shown that a relatively massive planet can produce an observable " hole " in a protoplanetary disc (e.g. Rice et al. 2003; Quillen et al. 2004; Rice et al. 2006b;Varnì ere et al. 2006).”
PROTOPLANETARY DISK STRUCTURES IN OPHIUCHUS (2009, background): “For example, others have typically adopted smaller dust grain sizes (amax ∼ 1-10 µm) inside disk cavities to more faithfully reproduce infrared spectra (e.g., Calvet et al. 2005) and accomodate calculations that track inward dust filtration from the outer disk (Rice et al. 2006).”
TRANSITIONAL DISKS AS SIGNPOSTS OF YOUNG, MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS (2011, background): “Yet, as the models of Rice et al. (2006) and Quillen et al. (2004) hinted, each single planet can open only a narrow gap, which must then widen into a hole by viscous clearing of the material inside the gap.”
Demographics of Transition Objects (2007, background): “Rice et al. (2006) have suggested that the filtering of grains at gap edges can help to explain the lack of dust opacity in the inner disc (within Rinner).”
DUST FILTRATION BY PLANET-INDUCED GAP EDGES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSITIONAL DISKS (2012, background): “This process is called ’dust filtration’ (Rice et al. 2006), and it depletes the disk interior to the radius of the planet-induced gap of dust, forming a dust-depleted inner cavity.”
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview (2018, background): “…of even modest pressure maxima should substantially amplify the associated local mm/cm-sized particle density (e.g., Paardekooper & Mellema 2006; Rice et al. 2006; Pinilla et al. 2012b; Zhu et al. 2012), generating a bright signature in the broadband (sub-)mm continuum that is much easier to…”
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). VI. Dust Trapping in Thin-ringed Protoplanetary Disks (2018, background): “That would then be where the dust gets trapped (e.g. Rice et al. 2006; Zhu et al. 2012; Pinilla et al. 2012a).”
Dust Evolution and the Formation of Planetesimals (2016, background): “…favored mechanism is “dust trapping”: a bump in the radial gas pressure profile is able to stop radial drift, thus trapping large particles (e.g., Rice et al. 2006; Pinilla et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2012), while only a small fraction of small dust particles are following the gas flow into the…”
UNVEILING THE STRUCTURE OF PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS (2010, background): “Infrared interferometry is crucial to explore how the spatial distribution of this component is shaped as it filters into the gap from the outer disk (Rice et al. 2006) or how it is influenced by possible planets in the gap (Lubow & D’Angelo 2006).”
Small vs. large dust grains in transitional disks: do different cavity sizes indicate a planet? - SAO 206462 (HD 135344B) in polarized light with VLT/NACO (2013, background): “Rice et al. (2006) have shown that, at the outer edge of a disk gap cleared by a planet, a local pressure bump can act as a filter, allowing small (.”
Ring shaped dust accumulation in transition disks (2012, background): “Rice et al. (2006) studied the filtration of dust in the gap, considering a fixed size for the dust particles, and concluded that increasing the planet mass from e.g. 0.5 MJup to 5 MJup, the maximum particle size that sweeps into the gap decreases from ∼ 10 µm to a few tenths of a micrometer. ar…”
Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration (2007, background): “As recently pointed out by Rice et al. (2006) (see also Paardekooper & Mellema 2006), the opening of a gap in the gas disc can act as a filter on the dust.”
A SPATIALLY RESOLVED INNER HOLE IN THE DISK AROUND GM AURIGAE (2009, background): “…filtration of dust grains according to size is expected at the inner disk edge, leading to a dominant population of small grains in the inner disk (Rice et al. 2006); and (2) a sustained reduction in accretion rate to ∼ 10% of that through the outer disk is predicted as the giant planet begins to…”
Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Gaps Opened by Single and Multiple Young Planets in Disks (2014, background): “Zhu et al. (2012) and Pinilla et al. (2012) have shown that the “dust filtration” effect (Paardekooper & Mellema 2006; Rice et al. 2006) may allow the cavity in the gas and 0.3-3 mm wavelengths “mm observations” 7 In this work, we call both “transitional” and “pretransitional” disks as defined in…”
Cold Disks: Spitzer Spectroscopy of Disks around Young Stars with Large Gaps (2007, background): “Rice et al. (2006) invoke dust filtration by an embedded planet whereby large grains pile up at the outer edge of the gap while small grains and gas pass through, thus accounting for both the hot small dust grains needed to fit the near-IR and the high mass accretion rates.”
Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth (2017, background): “Although gas surface density contrasts generated by super-Earths may be modest, aerodynamic interactions between gas and dust can produce higher contrast features in dust (e.g., Rice et al. 2006; Pinilla et al. 2012b).”