Chitin and Chitosan Preparation from Marine Sources. Structure, Properties and Applications

By I. Younes, M. Rinaudo. Marine Drugs, 2015

2,158 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This review describes the most common methods for recovery of chitin from marine organisms. In depth, both enzymatic and chemical treatments for the step of deproteinization are compared, as well as different conditions for demineralization. The conditions of chitosan preparation are also discussed, since they significantly impact the synthesis of chitosan with varying degree of acetylation (DA) and molecular weight (MW). In addition, the main characterization techniques applied for chitin and chitosan are recalled, pointing out the role of their solubility in relation with the chemical structure (mainly the acetyl group distribution along the backbone). Biological activities are also presented, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant. Interestingly, the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity is demonstrated for chitosan molecules with different DA and MW and homogeneous distribution of acetyl groups for the first time. In the end, several selected pharmaceutical and biomedical applications are presented, in which chitin and chitosan are recognized as new biomaterials taking advantage of their biocompatibility and biodegradability.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/546b981f0031621c51c00e9849d2ebeee12f6c35

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Citations in the corpus

• Applications for Marine Resources in Cosmetics (2017, background): “It is a polysaccharide made of glucosamine and a variable number of GlcNAc residues obtained from chitin, a polymer abundant in marine arthropod exoskeletons and cell walls of fungi [101,102].”
• Modification of Chitosan for the Generation of Functional Derivatives (2019, background): “(i) The formation of a physico-chemical barrier (towards oxygen for example) by adhesion to the cell wall, especially on Gram positive bacteria [18,111].”
• Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer with a Wide and Varied Range of Applications (2020, background): “The demi er lization stage is gener lly performed in the presence of acids, whereas the d colorization requires an oxidative treatment (Figure 2) [9,10].”
• Antimicrobial Actions and Applications of Chitosan (2021, background): “Briefly, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is often utilized as the preferred reagent during the demineralization process [4,5].”
• Chitosan nanoparticles extracted from shrimp shells, application for removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) from aqueous phases (2018, background): “wt of the obtained chitosan was due to the difference in heating of the reaction temperature and time,([25]) where the low M.”