THE SPITZER LOCAL VOLUME LEGACY: SURVEY DESCRIPTION AND INFRARED PHOTOMETRY

By D. Dale, Seth Cohen, L. C. Johnson, Micah D. Schuster, D. Calzetti, C. Engelbracht, A. Paz, Robert C. Kennicutt Jr., Janice C. Lee, A. Begum and 14 more. 2009

347 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The survey description and the near-, mid-, and far-infrared flux properties are presented for the 258 galaxies in the Local Volume Legacy (LVL). LVL is a Spitzer Space Telescope legacy program that surveys the local universe out to 11 Mpc, built upon a foundation of ultraviolet, Hα, and Hubble Space Telescope imaging from 11HUGS (11 Mpc Hα and Ultraviolet Galaxy Survey) and ANGST (ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury). LVL covers an unbiased, representative, and statistically robust sample of nearby star-forming galaxies, exploiting the highest extragalactic spatial resolution achievable with Spitzer. As a result of its approximately volume-limited nature, LVL augments previous Spitzer observations of present-day galaxies with improved sampling of the low-luminosity galaxy population. The collection of LVL galaxies shows a large spread in mid-infrared colors, likely due to the conspicuous deficiency of 8 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission from low-metallicity, low-luminosity galaxies. Conversely, the far-infrared emission tightly tracks the total infrared emission, with a dispersion in their flux ratio of only 0.1 dex. In terms of the relation between the infrared-to-ultraviolet ratio and the ultraviolet spectral slope, the LVL sample shows redder colors and/or lower infrared-to-ultraviolet ratios than starburst galaxies, suggesting that reprocessing by dust is less important in the lower mass systems that dominate the LVL sample. Comparisons with theoretical models suggest that the amplitude of deviations from the relation found for starburst galaxies correlates with the age of the stellar populations that dominate the ultraviolet/optical luminosities.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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Citations in the corpus

MOLECULAR GAS AND STAR FORMATION IN NEARBY DISK GALAXIES (2013, methodology): “Stellar Mass: To estimate the stellar mass for whole galaxies, we draw 3.6µm fluxes from Dale et al. (2007, 2009), convert to a luminosity using our adopted distance, and apply a fixed 3.6µmmass-to-light ratio.”
A z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies (2019, methodology): “The LVL Spitzer observations are much more sensitive than those achieved by WISE, which struggles to detect many of the faint, small galaxies within 11 Mpc. 3.”
THE OBSERVED PROPERTIES OF DWARF GALAXIES IN AND AROUND THE LOCAL GROUP (2012, background): “…compliment lower-resolution studies of their more numerous, but more distant, cousins (e.g., SINGS, Kennicutt et al. 2003; the Spitzer LVL, Dale et al. 2009; THINGS, Walter et al. 2008; FIGGS, Begum et al. 2008b; HST ANGRRR/ANGST, Dalcanton et al. 2009; the GALEX survey of galaxies in the…”
THE CALIBRATION OF MONOCHROMATIC FAR-INFRARED STAR FORMATION RATE INDICATORS (2010, methodology): “…galaxies in the LVL sample are described in Dale et al. (2009) and Lee et al. (2009a); IRAC and MIPS total fluxes for each galaxy are reported in Dale et al. (2009), while the foreground–galactic–extinction–corrected Hα+[NII] total fluxes and [NII]/Hα ratios and other general information on the…”
HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS MODELS OF DWARF GALAXIES FROM LITTLE THINGS (2015, methodology): “(d) Spitzer IRAC 3.6µm image obtained from the archives including ‘Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey’ (SINGS; Kennicutt et al. 2003) and Spitzer ‘Local Volume Legacy’ (LVL; Dale et al. 2009).”
THE GHOSTS SURVEY. I. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS DATA (2011, methodology): “Galaxies in the sample that are covered by SDSS or observed with Spitzer/IRAC either through the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies (SINGS; Kennicutt et al. 2003) or Local Volume Legacy (LVL; Dale et al. 2009) surveys are identified in Table 1.”
Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies (2013, methodology): “The IRX-β relation at z = 0 from the Local Volume Legacy Survey (LVL; Dale et al. 2009, left panel) and at z ∼ 2 from Reddy et al. (2010, right panel).”
ESTIMATING THE STAR FORMATION RATE AT 1 kpc SCALES IN NEARBY GALAXIES (2012, methodology): “Whenever possible, we draw maps from the LVL survey.”
The HDUV Survey: A Revised Assessment of the Relationship between UV Slope and Dust Attenuation for High-redshift Galaxies (2017, background): “First, the UV slope is sensitive to metallicity and star-formation history (e.g., Kong et al. 2004; Seibert et al. 2005; Johnson et al. 2007; Dale et al. 2009; Muñoz-Mateos et al. 2009; Reddy et al. 2010; Wilkins et al. 2011; Boquien et al. 2012; Reddy et al. 2012b; Schaerer et al. 2013; Wilkins…”
Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies (2012, methodology): “…galaxies such as the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) (Kennicutt et al. 2003), the GALEX Nearby Galaxies Survey (Gil de Paz et al. 2007), the Spitzer/GALEX Local Volume Legacy survey (LVL; Dale et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2011), and the Herschel KINGFISH Survey (Kennicutt et al. 2011).”
COMPARISON OF Hα AND UV STAR FORMATION RATES IN THE LOCAL VOLUME: SYSTEMATIC DISCREPANCIES FOR DWARF GALAXIES (2009, methodology): “…spatially-resolved analyses probing the properties of individual HII regions and the radial profiles of disks (e.g., Munoz-Mateos et al. 2009), to a broader statistical examination of the demographics of the local star-forming galaxy population as a whole (e.g., Lee et al. 2007, Dale et al. 2009).”
BULGES OF NEARBY GALAXIES WITH SPITZER: SCALING RELATIONS IN PSEUDOBULGES AND CLASSICAL BULGES (2010, background): “A few notable surveys comprise of the vast majority of galaxies in our sample: the SINGS survey (Kennicutt et al. 2003), the nearby bulge survey (Fisher et al. 2009), and the local volume survey (Dale et al. 2009).”
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: MEASUREMENTS OF BALMER DECREMENTS AND THE DUST ATTENUATION CURVE AT REDSHIFTS z ∼ 1.4–2.6 (2015, background): “…et al. 2012; Dunlop et al. 2012; Oesch et al. 2013), it is nonetheless also sensitive to age, metallicity, and star-formation history (e.g., Kong et al. 2004; Seibert et al. 2005; Johnson et al. 2007b; Dale et al. 2009; Reddy et al. 2010; Boquien et al. 2012; Wilkins et al. 2013; see also below).”
A CONSTANT MOLECULAR GAS DEPLETION TIME IN NEARBY DISK GALAXIES (2011, methodology): “We use maps of IR emission at 24µm from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS, Kennicutt et al. 2003) and the Local Volume Legacy Survey (LVL, Dale et al. 2009).”
LOW CO LUMINOSITIES IN DWARF GALAXIES (2012, methodology): “The IR data are taken from the Spitzer SINGS (Kennicutt et al. 2003) and Local Volume Legacy (LVL) surveys (Dale et al. 2009).”
DIRECT OXYGEN ABUNDANCES FOR LOW-LUMINOSITY LVL GALAXIES (2012, methodology): “…the inception of the LVL Spitzer program, four galaxies included in the sample have updated distances which place them outside of 11 Mpc (see Dale et al. 2009; Lee et al. 2011). average, four standard stars from Oke (1990) with spectral energy distributions (SEDs) peaking in the blue and…”
THE EMISSION BY DUST AND STARS OF NEARBY GALAXIES IN THE HERSCHEL KINGFISH SURVEY (2011, methodology): “Note that Dale et al. (2009) have a somewhat similar plot (their Fig.”
A MOLECULAR STAR FORMATION LAW IN THE ATOMIC-GAS-DOMINATED REGIME IN NEARBY GALAXIES (2011, methodology): “We thank the teams of SINGS, LVL, and GALEX NGS for making their outstanding data sets available.”