THE OBSERVED PROPERTIES OF DWARF GALAXIES IN AND AROUND THE LOCAL GROUP

By A. McConnachie. 2012

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Positional, structural, and dynamical parameters for all dwarf galaxies in and around the Local Group are presented, and various aspects of our observational understanding of this volume-limited sample are discussed. Over 100 nearby galaxies that have distance estimates reliably placing them within 3 Mpc of the Sun are identified. This distance threshold samples dwarfs in a large range of environments, from the satellite systems of the MW and M31, to the quasi-isolated dwarfs in the outer regions of the Local Group, to the numerous isolated galaxies that are found in its surroundings. It extends to, but does not include, the galaxies associated with the next nearest groups, such as Maffei, Sculptor, and IC 342. Our basic knowledge of this important galactic subset and their resolved stellar populations will continue to improve dramatically over the coming years with existing and future observational capabilities, and they will continue to provide the most detailed information available on numerous aspects of dwarf galaxy formation and evolution. Basic observational parameters, such as distances, velocities, magnitudes, mean metallicities, as well as structural and dynamical characteristics, are collated, homogenized (as far as possible), and presented in tables that will be continually updated to provide a convenient and current online resource. As well as discussing the provenance of the tabulated values and possible uncertainties affecting their usage, the membership and spatial extent of the MW sub-group, M31 sub-group, and the Local Group are explored. The morphological diversity of the entire sample and notable sub-groups is discussed, and timescales are derived for the Local Group members in the context of their orbital/interaction histories. The scaling relations and mean stellar metallicity trends defined by the dwarfs are presented, and the origin of a possible “floor” in central surface brightness (and, more speculatively, stellar mean metallicity) at faint magnitudes is considered.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/de6e2643e1c82827aabbb37b4030f132ebdc7efc

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Citations in the corpus

Too big to fail in the Local Group (2014, methodology): “…are strongly affected by their environment – for example, there are only two galaxies within 300 kpc of the MW with detected gas (the Magellanic Clouds); conversely, there are only two known gas-free field dwarfs within ∼1 Mpc of the MW (Cetus and Tucana; Grcevich & Putman 2009; McConnachie 2012).”
The APOSTLE project: Local Group kinematic mass constraints and simulation candidate selection (2015, background): “2, where the symbols in each panel show the Galactocentric radial velocity of all galaxies in the McConnachie (2012) catalogue and in the Extragalactic Distance Database of Tully et al. (2009) found within 3 Mpc of the MW.”
Fermi Large Area Telescope Fourth Source Catalog (2019, background): “…187 Liu et al. (2007) Point-like SNR 158 Green (2014)c Extended SNRd 295 Green (2014)c Globular clusters 160 Harris (1996) Dwarf galaxiesd 100 McConnachie (2012) Nearby galaxies 276 Schmidt et al. (1993) IRAS bright galaxies 82 Sanders et al. (2003) BZCAT (Blazars) 3561 Massaro et al. (2009)…”
THE UNIVERSAL STELLAR MASS–STELLAR METALLICITY RELATION FOR DWARF GALAXIES (2013, background): “The table includes the primary observables that distinguish dSphs from dIrrs (the June 2013 version of the compilation of McConnachie 2012, and references therein).”
Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the LX–T scaling relation (2020, background): “Another possible explanation for the behavior of the low-A regions would be the existence of nearby dwarf galaxies (e.g., McConnachie 2012), that contain sufficient amounts of X-ray absorbing material to cause such dimming to the clusters, for which we do not account for.”
The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2 (2018, background): “The Ant 2 dwarf’s angular extent is similar to that of the SMC (1.25 deg, Torrealba et al. 2016a), with only the LMC (2.5 deg, Torrealba et al. 2016a) and Sagittarius (5.7 deg, McConnachie 2012) being larger in the sky.”
A MegaCam Survey of Outer Halo Satellites. III. Photometric and Structural Parameters (2018, methodology): “This is significantly lower than the value of 0.80±0.04 from McConnachie (2012) which is, in turn, based on relatively shallow SDSS star counts analyzed by Martin et al. (2008a).”
THE STAR FORMATION HISTORIES OF LOCAL GROUP DWARF GALAXIES. I. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE/WIDE FIELD PLANETARY CAMERA 2 OBSERVATIONS (2014, methodology): “The Sample For this paper, we have selected only dwarf galaxies that are located within the zero surface velocity of the LG (∼ 1 Mpc; e.g., van den Bergh 2000; McConnachie 2012).”
One Law to Rule Them All: The Radial Acceleration Relation of Galaxies (2016, neutral): “…Jong et al. (2008), 35: Sand et al. (2012), 36: Simon et al. (2011), 37: Belokurov et al. (2009), 38: Kirby et al. (2013), 39: Bernard et al. (2009), 40: McConnachie (2012), 41: Fraternali et al. (2009), 42: Okamoto et al. (2008), 43: Zucker et al. (2006), 44: Willman et al. (2006), 45: Willman et…”
Dwarf galaxy planes: the discovery of symmetric structures in the Local Group (2013, methodology): “The analysis presented in the following is based on the catalogue of nearby galaxies as compiled by McConnachie (2012) (see also Mateo 1998).”
Dark matter annihilation and decay in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: the classical and ultrafaint dSphs (2015, methodology): “…g − r colours place them within 0.25 dex of the Dartmouth isochrone (Dotter et al. 2008) calculated for a stellar population with age 12 Gyr, metallicity corresponding to the mean value estimated from spectroscopy, and shifted by the distance modulus estimated for that satellite (McConnachie 2012).”
The AIMSS Project I: bridging the star cluster, galaxy divide (2014, background): “Data on the MW and M31 dSph/dE systems come from Walker et al. (2009), McConnachie (2012), Tollerud et al. (2012, 2013), and references therein.”
A BARYONIC SOLUTION TO THE MISSING SATELLITES PROBLEM (2012, neutral): “1 kpc, McConnachie 2012).”
Quenching and ram pressure stripping of simulated Milky Way satellite galaxies (2017, methodology): “Measured H I masses of Local Group systems within 1 Mpc of either the MW or M31 (McConnachie 2012) are also shown (cyan diamonds).”
CATALOG OF ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXIES IN THE COMA CLUSTERS FROM SUBARU IMAGING DATA (2016, background): “McConnachie (2012) presented the list of the Local Group galaxies.”