Different behavior of branched and linear polyethylenimine for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo

By L. Wightman, R. Kircheis, Vanessa Rössler, Sebastian Carotta, R. Ruzicka, M. Kursa, E. Wagner. Journal of Gene Medicine, 2001

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Gene delivery by lipoplexes and polyplexes. (2010, background): “In contrast, linear PEI 22kDa polyplexes tend to aggregatemuch faster, reaching approximately 750nm after only 20min and exceeding 6 m after 3h (Wightman et al., 2001).”
Nonviral Gene Delivery: Principle, Limitations, and Recent Progress (2009, neutral): “Several studies showed that high MW PEI (greater than 25,000 Da) is toxic to cells while polymers with medium to low MW (5,000–25,000 Da) are more efficient and less toxic (85).”
Recent advances in rational gene transfer vector design based on poly(ethylene imine) and its derivatives (2005, background): “In contrast, linear PEI 22 kDa polyplexes tended to aggregate much faster, reaching approximately 750 nm after only 20 min and exceeding 6 microns after 3 h [78].”
Current status of polymeric gene delivery systems. (2006, background): “Studies with linear PEIs showed even higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity compared to branched PEI [44–46].”