Spitzer SAGE Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Evolved Stars and Infrared Color-Magnitude Diagrams

By Robert D. Blum, J. Mould, K. Olsen, J. Frogel, M. Werner, M. Meixner, F. Markwick-Kemper, R. Indebetouw, B. Whitney, M. Meade and 40 more. 2006

163 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are presented for the Spitzer SAGE (Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution) survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). IRAC and MIPS 24 μm epoch 1 data are presented. These data represent the deepest, widest mid-infrared CMDs of their kind ever produced in the LMC. Combined with the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the diagrams are used to delineate the evolved stellar populations in the LMC, as well as Galactic foreground and extragalactic background populations. Some 32,000 evolved stars brighter than the tip of the red giant branch are identified. Of these, approximately 17,500 are classified as oxygen-rich, 7000 as carbon-rich, and another 1200 as "extreme" asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. Brighter members of the latter group have been called "obscured" AGB stars in the literature owing to their dusty circumstellar envelopes. A large number (1200) of luminous oxygen-rich AGB stars/M supergiants are also identified. Finally, there is strong evidence from the 24 μm MIPS channel that previously unexplored, lower luminosity oxygen-rich AGB stars contribute significantly to the mass-loss budget of the LMC (1200 such sources are identified).

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/52b929142ab25a5cd2d85910e21a27d8730c43ad

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Astronomy and Astrophysics

In Instrumentation

Citations in the corpus

Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE) (2006, background): “…enables a complete census of newly formed stars with masses >3 M that will determine the current star formation rate in the LMC. SAGE’s detection of evolved stars with mass loss rates > 10−8 M yr−1 will quantify the rate at which evolved stars inject mass into the ISM of the LMC (Blum et al. 2006).”
HIGH- AND INTERMEDIATE-MASS YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD (2009, background): “Examples of known LMC objects in similar CMDs have been presented for massive stars (Bonanos et al. 2009) and AGB stars (Blum et al. 2006).”
The global gas and dust budget of the Large Magellanic Cloud: AGB stars and supernovae, and the impact on the ISM evolution (2009, methodology): “We also classify ‘extreme-AGB stars’ (Blum et al. 2006) as oxygen- or carbon-rich, based on our Spitzer IRS spectra.”
A NEW CLASS OF LUMINOUS TRANSIENTS AND A FIRST CENSUS OF THEIR MASSIVE STELLAR PROGENITORS (2008, background): “As part of the Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars (SLGG), M06 presented a catalog of ∼ 150,000 point sources in M33 with well-calibratedUBVRI photometry obtained from observations at the KPNO 4m telescope with the Mosaic imager.”
SURVEYING THE AGENTS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION IN THE TIDALLY STRIPPED, LOW METALLICITY SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD (SAGE-SMC). I. OVERVIEW (2011, background): “SAGE-SMC has detected numerous lower luminosity AGB stars, the IR bright stars at the tip of the AGB (both C-rich and O-rich), the ”extreme” or obscured AGB stars with prodigious massloss (Blum et al. 2006), and the rare RSGs and other evolved stars (Bonanos et al. 2010).”
CONVERTING FROM 3.6 AND 4.5 μm FLUXES TO STELLAR MASS (2012, background): “While the latter are evident when one has photometry of individual stars, as can be obtained in the LMC (Blum et al. 2006), they will be difficult to pick up in integrated populations, in data with limited color baselines, and in data with limited S/N over small spatial scales.”
SPITZER SAGE SURVEY OF THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD. III. STAR FORMATION AND ∼1000 NEW CANDIDATE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS (2008, methodology): “The various stellar populations are described in detail in Blum et al. (2006).”
The SAGE-Spec Spitzer Legacy Program: The Life Cycle of Dust and Gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud (2010, methodology): “2 shows that sources are distributed widely over the area of sky covering the LMC, with only a slight increase in density in the region of the stellar bar of the LMC.”
THE ACS NEARBY GALAXY SURVEY TREASURY. IX. CONSTRAINING ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH EVOLUTION WITH OLD METAL-POOR GALAXIES (2010, background): “Moreover, since a non-negligible fraction of the AGB population becomes dust-enshrouded, mid-infrared data are necessary for a complete census of the AGB population (e.g., Blum et al. 2006; Bolatto et al. 2007; Boyer et al. 2009a).”
The Spitzer Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud: S3MC Imaging and Photometry in the Mid- and Far-Infrared Wave Bands (2006, background): “They find that oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars can be split into two sequences using J K and ½8 ½24 colors, with the oxygen-rich and carbon-rich sources forming two sequences around 1 < J K < 2 and ½8 ½24 1Y3 and J K > 2 and ½8 ½24 0:8, respectively (see also Blum et al. 2006).”
Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud: Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy’s Evolution (SAGE). I. Overview and Initial Results (2006, unknown): “Amore detailed classification of these dusty evolved star populations will be discussed in a forthcoming paper by Blum et al. (2006).”
THE SPITZER–WISE SURVEY OF THE ECLIPTIC POLES (2011, background): “As detailed in Blum et al. (2006) and Bonanos et al. (2010) study of SAGE colors, red supergiants (RSGs) are the most luminous [3.6] sources, while blue supergiants, sgB[e], have the reddest [3.6]-[8.0] and [8.0]-[24] stellar colors.”
SURVEYING THE AGENTS OF GALAXY EVOLUTION IN THE TIDALLY STRIPPED, LOW METALLICITY SMALL MAGELLANIC CLOUD (SAGE-SMC). II. COOL EVOLVED STARS (2011, background): “We compare our findings to those of the SAGE survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (SAGE-LMC; Blum et al. 2006; Meixner et al. 2006; Bonanos et al. 2009, 2010; Srinivasan et al. 2009; van Loon et al. 2010a).”
Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars. II. Optical to far-infrared isochrones with improved TP- (2007, methodology): “Observed data for LMC variables (Marshall et al. 2004) is also plotted (empty squares).”
The Second Survey of the Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud by NANTEN. I. Catalog of Molecular Clouds (2008, unknown): “The stellar contents of the LMC have been widely studied by photometry of the stars from NIR to optical bands (e.g., Ita et al. 2004, Zaritsky et al. 2004, Blum et al. 2006, Kato et al. 2006).”
SPITZER SAGE INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF MASSIVE STARS IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD (2009, background): “The SAGE infrared point source catalog has so far enabled studies of evolved stars (Blum et al. 2006; Hora et al. 2008; Srinivasan et al. 2009), young stellar objects (Whitney et al. 2008), and variables (Vijh et al. 2009); however, the hot massive star population remains unexplored.”
Evolution of asymptotic giant branch stars. I. Updated synthetic TP-AGB models and their basic calibration (2007, background): “On the other hand, infrared surveys (IRAS, ISO, Spitzer) are revealing the samples of dust-enshrouded, optically obscured TP-AGB stars in the Magellanic Clouds (Loup et al. 1999; Cioni et al. 2003; van Loon et al. 2005; Blum et al. 2006).”