Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
By C. Subhramanyam, Cheng Wang, Qidong Hu, S. Dheen. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2019
753 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Microglia, being the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and contributes towards brain development under normal conditions. However, when there is a neuronal injury or other insult, depending on the type and magnitude of stimuli, microglia will be activated to secrete either proinflammatory factors that enhance cytotoxicity or anti-inflammatory neuroprotective factors that assist in wound healing and tissue repair. Excessive microglial activation damages the surrounding healthy neural tissue, and the factors secreted by the dead or dying neurons in turn exacerbate the chronic activation of microglia, causing progressive loss of neurons. It is the case observed in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review gives a detailed account of the microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in various neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, resolving chronic inflammation mediated by microglia bears great promise as a novel treatment strategy to reduce neuronal damage and to foster a permissive environment for further regeneration effort.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurology, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/50a61af3d7eed36fa28a396df8aa1a89d32a97d0
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In Neurology
Citations in the corpus
- Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2022, background): “Once activated, TLR4 associates with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and induces the autophosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) (Subhramanyam et al., 2019).”
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Other Extracellular Vesicles as New Remedies in the Therapy of Inflammatory Diseases (2019, background): “An excessive microglial activation damages the surrounding healthy neural tissue and induces the release of alarmins and DAMPs from dead or dying neurons, which in turn, activates microglia enabling creation of “positive inflammatory loop” in CNS, that results in a massive and progressive loss of ne”