Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases

By Shenrui Guo, Hui Wang, Yafu Yin. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2022

804 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia can be categorized into two opposite types: classical (M1) or alternative (M2), though there’s a continuum of different intermediate phenotypes between M1 and M2, and microglia can transit from one phenotype to another. M1 microglia release inflammatory mediators and induce inflammation and neurotoxicity, while M2 microglia release anti-inflammatory mediators and induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectivity. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered as a double-edged sword, performing both harmful and helpful effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies showed that balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization had a promising therapeutic prospect in neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that shifting microglia from M1 to M2 may be significant and we focus on the modulation of microglia polarization from M1 to M2, especially by important signal pathways, in neurodegenerative diseases.

Subfields: Immunology, Neurology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0c67b01653f908e0b87029d5748e51c08727d80b

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Immunology

1. Chao Gao
2. Shengdi Chen
3. Yuyan Tan
4. Jingwen Jiang

In Neurology

1. Chao Gao
2. Shengdi Chen
3. Yuyan Tan
4. Jingwen Jiang

Citations in the corpus

• Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets (2023, background): “9,10 However, this simplistic classi fi cation fails to capture the complexity of microglial responses in the context of neurodegenerative disease.”