The effect of calcium ion concentration on osteoblast viability, proliferation and differentiation in monolayer and 3D culture.

By Shin-ichi Maeno, Y. Niki, H. Matsumoto, H. Morioka, T. Yatabe, A. Funayama, Y. Toyama, T. Taguchi, J. Tanaka. Biomaterials, 2005

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Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. (2013, background): “ions alone have been found to increase IGF-II up-regulation [122,123] and glutamate production by osteoblasts [124].”
Significance of calcium phosphate coatings for the enhancement of new bone osteogenesis--a review. (2014, background): “It was demonstrated that even low Ca 2+ concentrations in the culture medium induced an increase in ALP activity and osteocalcin mRNA expression in mouse primary osteoblasts [273].”
Sol-gel based materials for biomedical applications (2016, background): “In addition, single inorganic ions such as calcium [341,342], phosphorous [343], and silicon [344,345] are known to be involved in bone metabolism and to play a physiological role in angiogenesis, growth and mineralization of bone tissue.”