Effect of aggregation on thermal conduction in colloidal nanofluids

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Thermal conductance of nanofluids: is the controversy over? (2008, result): “Predictions of this aggregation model were in excellent agreement with detailed numerical calculations on model nanofluids involving fractal clusters ( Prasher et al. 2006a ).”
The effect of particle size on the thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids (2009, result): “As noted above, our limiting value is predicted very well by the volume fraction weighted geometric mean given in Eq. 5. Prasher et al. (2006) have suggested that particle aggregation may lead to thermal conductivity enhancements that are greater than those predicted by the Maxwell equation.”
Heat Transfer Intensification Using Nanofluids (2007, background): “As the ballistic transport of energy carriers in nanofluids has been excluded as a dominant mechanism, the last mechanism standing is the nanoparticle structuring / networking (Prasher et al. 2006b, Keblinski 2007).”