Solid-state diffusion limitations on pulse operation of a lithium ion cell for hybrid electric vehicles

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Control oriented 1D electrochemical model of lithium ion battery (2007, methodology): “19 Ah basis, the actual capacity measured at the 1 C rate [11].”
Model-Based Electrochemical Estimation and Constraint Management for Pulse Operation of Lithium Ion Batteries (2010, methodology): “In previous work, the authors identified and validated a 313th-order nonlinear finite-volume model against constant current, transient pulse current, and driving cycle experimental data [18].”
Electrochemical–thermal modeling of automotive Li‐ion batteries and experimental validation using a three‐electrode cell (2010, methodology): “Bruggeman tortuosity exponent, p [8] 1.”