Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis

By Khalid Ahmed, W. Long. 2012

229 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In this study, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is hypothesized to investigate the relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, energy consumption, trade liberalization and population density in Pakistan with yearly data from 1971 to 2008. The cointegration analysis using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach is incorporated. The results support the hypothesis both in short-run and long-run and inverted U-shaped relationship is found between CO2 emission and growth. Interestingly we found trade support the environment positively and population contributes to environmental degradation in Pakistan. The energy consumption and growth are the major explanatory variables which contribute to environmental pollution in Pakistan. Moreover, the time series data analysis is used and the stability of variables in estimated model is also assessed.

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Citations in the corpus

Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach (2020, methodology): “…limitations in the previous models, i.e. use of single equations or reduced forms of the model (cf. Acaravci and Ozturk 2010; Ahmad et al. 2018a, b; Ahmed and Long 2012; Grossman and Krueger 1991; Javid and Sharif 2016; Lau et al. 2014; Nasir and Rehman 2011; Nassani et al. 2017; Obradović and…”
Analyzing nonlinear impact of economic growth drivers on CO2 emissions: Designing an SDG framework for India (2020, unknown): “…Cheng (2009) China 1960- 2007 VAR, ECM CO2, GDP, E, CAP, URB No E →CO2 5 Ghosh (2010) India 1971- 2006 ARDL CO2, GDP, E, CAP, EMP No N.A. in the long run 6 Ahmed and Long (2012) Pakistan 1971- 2008 ARDL CO2, GDP, TOP, E, POP Yes GDP→ CO2 POP→ CO2 TOP→CO2 7 Kanjilal and Ghosh (2013) India…”
Time-Varying Analysis of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: Statistical Experience in Next 11 Countries (2016, result): “(2012), Ahmed and Long (2012), Ahmed et al. (2015), and Ali (2015). For the Turkish economy, our results are similar to Shahbaz et al.”
Investigation of the environmental Kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Malaysia: Do foreign direct investment and trade matter? (2014, methodology): “Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Ahmed and Long (2012) attempt to study the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emission for Pakistan using yearly data from 1971 to 2008.”