Investigation of the environmental Kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Malaysia: Do foreign direct investment and trade matter?

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Financial development and environmental quality: The way forward (2016, background): “For instance, Akbostanci et al. (2009), Iwata et al. (2010), Shahbaz et al. (2012), Tiwari et al. (2013), Lau et al. (2014) and Ozturk and Al-Mulali (2015) have validated the EKC for Turkey, France, Pakistan, India, Malaysia and Cambodia, respectively.”
Economic development and pollution emissions in Singapore: Evidence in support of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis and its implications for regional sustainability (2020, background): “223 Coefficients of indicators of economic development ( and ), however, can either be positive or 224 negative, as the corresponding impacts are more complicated (Lau et al., 2014).”