Patterns of growth, axonal extension and axonal arborization of neuronal lineages in the developing Drosophila brain.

By C. Larsen, Diana Shy, Shana R. Spindler, S. Fung, Wayne Pereanu, A. Younossi‐Hartenstein, Amelia Younossi -Hartenstein, Volker Hartenstein. 2009

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The Drosophila central brain is composed of approximately 100 paired lineages, with most lineages comprising 100–150 neurons. Most lineages have a number of important characteristics in common. Typically, neurons of a lineage stay together as a coherent cluster and project their axons into a coherent bundle visible from late embryo to adult. Neurons born during the embryonic period form the primary axon tracts (PATs) that follow stereotyped pathways in the neuropile. Apoptotic cell death removes an average of 30–40% of primary neurons around the time of hatching. Secondary neurons generated during the larval period form secondary axon tracts (SATs) that typically fasciculate with their corresponding primary axon tract. SATs develop into the long fascicles that interconnect the different compartments of the adult brain. Structurally, we distinguish between three types of lineages: PD lineages, characterized by distinct, spatially separate proximal and distal arborizations; C lineages with arborizations distributed continuously along the entire length of their tract; D lineages that lack proximal arborizations. Arborizations of many lineages, in particular those of the PD type, are restricted to distinct neuropile compartments. We propose that compartments are ‘scaffolded” by individual lineages, or small groups thereof. Thereby, the relatively small number of primary neurons of each primary lineage set up the compartment map in the late embryo. Compartments grow during the larval period simply by an increase in arbor volume of primary neurons. Arbors of secondary neurons form within or adjacent to the larval compartments, resulting in smaller compartment subdivisions and additional, adult specific compartments.

Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Genetics, Plant Science, Neuroscience

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Citations in the corpus

An Integrated Micro- and Macroarchitectural Analysis of the Drosophila Brain by Computer-Assisted Serial Section Electron Microscopy (2010, background): “Differentiated primary neurons whose processes make up the volume of the brain neuropile number approximately 1,500 per hemisphere [25].”
Development‐based compartmentalization of the Drosophila central brain (2010, background): “We recently introduced the term scaffolding lineage for a lineage that, by itself or in conjunction with several other (neighboring) lineages, forms a dense scaffold of terminal arborizations that defines a discrete compartment (or subdomain thereof; Larsen et al., 2009; Fig.”