Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults.

By Daniel J Buysse, J. Angst, A. Gamma, V. Ajdacic, D. Eich, W. Rössler. Sleep, 2008

843 citations recorded by the source corpus.

STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the prevalence and prospective course of insomnia in a representative young-adult sample and (2) to describe the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between insomnia and depression. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Community of Zurich, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Representative stratified population sample. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The Zurich Study prospectively assessed psychiatric, physical, and sleep symptoms in a community sample of young adults (n=591) with 6 interviews spanning 20 years. We distinguished 4 duration-based subtypes of insomnia: 1-month insomnia associated with significant distress, 2- to 3-week insomnia, recurrent brief insomnia, and occasional brief insomnia. The annual prevalence of 1-month insomnia increased gradually over time, with a cumulative prevalence rate of 20% and a greater than 2-fold risk among women. In 40% of subjects, insomnia developed into more chronic forms over time. Insomnia either with or without comorbid depression was highly stable over time. Insomnia lasting 2 weeks or longer predicted major depressive episodes and major depressive disorder at subsequent interviews; 17% to 50% of subjects with insomnia lasting 2 weeks or longer developed a major depressive episode in a later interview. "Pure" insomnia and "pure" depression were not longitudinally related to each other, whereas insomnia comorbid with depression was longitudinally related to both. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study confirms the persistent nature of insomnia and the increased risk of subsequent depression among individuals with insomnia. The data support a spectrum of insomnia (defined by duration and frequency) comorbid with, rather than secondary to, depression.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4ab31d93d66d7d177e84ecc36d9721ab850dcb91

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In Cognitive Neuroscience

In Endocrine and Autonomic Systems

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Citations in the corpus

Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. (2011, background): “, 2009), while 10 studies conducted the follow-up assessment after more than 3 years (Vollrath et al., 1989; Breslau et al., 1996; Chang et al., 1997; Johnson et al., 2000; Mallon et al., 2000; Hein et al., 2003; Neckelmann et al., 2007; Buysse et al., 2008; Roane and Taylor, 2008; Szklo-Coxe et al.”
Gender Differences in Sleep Disruption among Retail Food Workers (2009, background): “Findings from recent longitudinal studies suggest that because reaching a deep recuperative sleep stimulates brain activity affecting mood and cognition, poor sleep tends to cause depression, rather than vice versa (Buysse et al. 2008; Neckelmann, Mykletun, and Dahl 2007).”
Sleep disturbances and depression: risk relationships for subsequent depression and therapeutic implications (2008, background): “In another longitudinal study in 591 young adults, depression and insomnia symptoms were assessed six times over 21 years.(25) The presence of insomnia either with or without comorbid depression tended to be highly stable over time.”
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Sleep Problems and Loneliness (2020, background): “However, this pattern of findings aligns with research suggesting that insomnia is especially robustly related to other mental health problems (Buysse et al., 2008; Pigeon & Gallegos, 2015; Taylor et al., 2005).”
Causes and consequences of sleepiness among college students (2014, neutral): “A cardinal feature of depression is disturbed sleep.(76,77) Depression is common during the college years: 14.”