Optimising the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by wire + arc additive manufacturing with post-process heat treatments
By M. Bermingham, L. Nicastro, D. Kent, Yunhui Chen, Mathew S. Dargusch. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018
192 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising manufacturing process for producing large aerospace components. Based on welding technology, the process is highly affordable, has a very high deposition rate and is not limited by chamber size. Ti-6Al-4V is a promising candidate material for this technology given that it is extensively used in aerospace applications and some large, high buy-fly ratio components can be more efficiently produced by WAAM than via the conventional machining from billet approach. There is currently limited knowledge about whether additional post processes including heat treatments and hot isostatic pressing are necessary to unlock the optimal mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by WAAM. This work explores a range of different post process treatments and the effects on the microstructure and tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by WAAM. The relatively slow cooling rate (10-20Ks(-1)) during the beta-alpha transformation produced Widmanstatten-alpha and offered an optimal balance between strength and ductility. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing) removed gas porosity but was not effective in improving strength or ductility. Residual tensile stresses in as-built components severely impair ductility and should be removed through stress relief treatments. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/49f82ca9cf69d7b69fb7816d70563637c6aaa9c8
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In Automotive Engineering
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In Mechanical Engineering
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Citations in the corpus
- The Current State of Research of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A Review (2021, background): “The directional grain growth that occurs in titanium alloys in additive manufacturing can be reduced by an intermediate forming process [39,47,98,107,299,305,312,313], the addition of further elements like boron, silicon or other elements [303,311,317,321,322] or applying post-weld heat treatment [3”
- Criticality of porosity defects on the fatigue performance of wire + arc additive manufactured titanium alloy (2019, background): “However, parts made of wire-based AM processes exhibit far fewer and isolated pores [5,34,35], hence the use of statistical approach may not be suitable.”
- Current Status and Perspectives on Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) (2019, methodology): “Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V as-deposited and with post-process heat treatment (STA: solution treated plus annealing; HIP: hot isostatic pr ssing; VAC: vacuum annealing) (adapted from [124]).”
- Review on machining of additively manufactured nickel and titanium alloys (2021, background): “[23] Bermingham MJ, Nicastro L, Kent D, Chen Y, Dargusch MS.”