State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2006

By Karan Capoor, P. Ambrosi. 2006

502 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Many African countries have thin energy and industrial sectors with limited opportunities to reduce carbon emissions, certainly relative to countries such as China and India. Carbon sequestration from avoided deforestation and from agriculture--potentially important areas for climate mitigation and important in many African economies--has been systematically excluded from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). At the same time, CDM-eligible assets from afforestation and reforestation are excluded from entry into the large European Union-Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), substantially limiting their market value and potential share in the multi-billion dollar global carbon market. The Africa share of the CDM market is lower than the share of African countries to developing nations in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) over the past few years, which has been around 10 percent.

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Citations in the corpus

• Joint decisions on inventory replenishment and emission reduction investment under different emission regulations (2014, background): “The World Bank reports that the global carbon market, including traded allowances and offset transactions, reached $176 billion in 2011 (Kossoy and Guigon 2012).”
• Estimating the financial risks of Andropogon gayanus to greenhouse gas abatement projects in northern Australia (2013, background): “The global carbon market is valued at US$176 billion (Kossoy and Guigon 2012) and is growing in countries such as Australia.”
• Co-Benefits and Additionality of the Clean Development Mechanism: An Empirical Analysis (2011, background): “In this regard, economies of scale and the business environment all contribute to China’s market share (Capoor and Ambrosi, 2008).”
• Compliance of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in the first commitment period (2016, background): “A large share of these purchases were effectuated through private Japanese companies that may surrender Kyoto units under the Japanese Voluntary Scheme (World Bank 2012).”
• Investing in nature: Developing ecosystem service markets for peatland restoration (2014, background): “Regional voluntary carbon markets may be national or refer to one region within a country in scope, and typically target national or regional investors to contribute towards local restoration schemes (Kossoy and Guigon, 2012).”
• Understanding Carbon Offset Technologies (2010, background): “All CDM projects must be registered through the UNFCCC, and carbon finance is typically channelled through private sector or World Bank carbon funds, which then finance offset projects in the developing world (Bumpus and Liverman 2008).”
• Carbon Trading: Accounting and Reporting Issues (2008, background): “In the World Resources Institute’s GHG Protocol organisations can choose different scopes, ranging from only direct impacts (scope 1), to include the most obvious indirect GHG emissions of electricity (scope 2) to the undefined scope 3.”
• Climate change and developing countries (2005, background): “There is a leveraging effect in that total project investment is higher than the fund contribution — so overall investment in actual projects should be about 6 to 8 times the $800 million.(15) Total project investment can be expected to increase over time, including more contributions from the priva”
• Forestry-based carbon sequestration projects in Africa: Potential benefits and challenges (2008, background): “Details of carbon projects in Africa were collected from a wide range of sources — the authors’ own field research with local communities in Kenya and Mozambique, secondary sources such as case studies, and international policy updates (Capoor and Ambrosi, 2006; FAO, 2004).”
• Legitimation and Accumulation in Climate Change Governance (2010, methodology): “…collecting data on the voluntary carbon market suggest that there has been a significant ‘flight to quality’ in both the CDM and the voluntary market, with more and more investors seeking to fund projects using more stringent methodologies (Hamilton et al. 2007: 53–4; Capoor and Ambrosi 2008: 41).”
• Designing supply chains with sustainability considerations (2011, background): “In terms of dollars, theWorld Bank has estimated that the size of the carbon market as follows: 11 billion USD in 2005, 30 billion USD in 2006 and 64 billion USD in 2007 (Karan and Philippe 2008).”
• Instrument constituencies and the supply side of policy innovation: the social life of emissions trading (2014, background): “It has been estimated that the global carbon market reached a total value of €126 billion in 2011, an 11% increase since 2010, despite declining carbon prices (Kossoy and Guigon 2012).”
• The Transnational Regime Complex for Climate Change (2012, background): “(20) The China Beijing Environmental Exchange, created by business with city government approval, operates a pilot carbon market (Kossoy and Ambrosi, 2010, page 32).”