International tourism demand and the business cycle.

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How researchers see this paper

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A Meta-Analysis of International Tourism Demand Elasticities (2013, background): “This may be due to fluctuations in worldwide economic activity and changes in people’s expectations of their income and job situation (Smeral 2012).”
The impacts of social and economic crises on tourist behaviour and expenditure: an evolutionary approach (2018, background): “Such a study will be useful in gaining a wider understanding of a crisis’ effects by considering variables related to climate, infrastructure and per capita GDP (see Eugenio-Martin & Campos-Soria, 2014; Semeral, 2012).”
Bibliometric visualisation: an application in tourism crisis and disaster management research (2019, background): “Cioccio and Michael (2007) connects Cluster #2 (Strategic Planning/Management) with that of Cluster #5 (Consumer Behaviour) through Walters and Clulow (2010), while Smeral (2012) connects the more recent Cluster”
Asymmetric impact of oil prices, exchange rate, and inflation on tourism demand in Pakistan: new evidence from nonlinear ARDL (2018, background): “However, tourism demand in practice is subject to asymmetries (Smeral, 2012).”