The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced PLA composites

By Lisman Suryanegara, A. N. Nakagaito, Hiroyuki Yano. 2009

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Properties of thermoplastic starch from cassava bagasse and cassava starch and their blends with poly (lactic acid) (2012, background): “The presence of microfibrillated cellulose has also been reported to accelerate PLA crystallization (Suryanegara et al., 2009).”
Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion (2010, methodology): “That can be avoided by first mixing them in a suitable medium, either in a liquid, which is then fed into the extruder, or first dried and then extruded [14-22].”
Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications (2010, methodology): “The higher crystallinity of PLA-MFC [53] nanocomposites compared to neat PLA showed that MFC accelerated the crystallization of PLA.”
Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications (2013, background): “At 130 °C, modulus increase was more substantial with ANFC, increasing the modulus from 10 MPa to over 65 MPa [115].”